生长素生物合成
Auxin biosynthesis.
作者信息
Zhao Yunde
机构信息
Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 Address correspondence to
出版信息
Arabidopsis Book. 2014 Jun 13;12:e0173. doi: 10.1199/tab.0173. eCollection 2014.
lndole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most important natural auxin in plants, is mainly synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan (Trp). Recent genetic and biochemical studies in Arabidopsis have unambiguously established the first complete Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway. The first chemical step of auxin biosynthesis is the removal of the amino group from Trp by the TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA) family of transaminases to generate indole-3-pyruvate (IPA). IPA then undergoes oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed by the YUCCA (YUC) family of flavin monooxygenases to produce IAA. This two-step auxin biosynthesis pathway is highly conserved throughout the plant kingdom and is essential for almost all of the major developmental processes. The successful elucidation of a complete auxin biosynthesis pathway provides the necessary tools for effectively modulating auxin concentrations in plants with temporal and spatial precision. The progress in auxin biosynthesis also lays a foundation for understanding polar auxin transport and for dissecting auxin signaling mechanisms during plant development.
吲哚 - 3 - 乙酸（IAA）是植物中最重要的天然生长素，主要由氨基酸色氨酸（Trp）合成。拟南芥最近的遗传学和生物化学研究明确建立了第一个完整的依赖色氨酸的生长素生物合成途径。生长素生物合成的第一步化学反应是由拟南芥色氨酸转氨酶（TAA）家族的转氨酶去除色氨酸上的氨基，生成吲哚 - 3 - 丙酮酸（IPA）。然后，IPA在黄素单加氧酶的YUCCA（YUC）家族催化下进行氧化脱羧反应，生成IAA。这一两步的生长素生物合成途径在整个植物界高度保守，并且对几乎所有主要发育过程都至关重要。完整的生长素生物合成途径的成功阐明为有效调控植物中生长素浓度提供了必要工具，能够在时间和空间上精确调控。生长素生物合成方面的进展也为理解生长素极性运输以及剖析植物发育过程中的生长素信号传导机制奠定了基础。
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