Ravishankar Lekkala Venkata, Puranik Nidhi, Lekkala VijayaDurga V V, Lomada Dakshayani, Reddy Madhava C, Maurya Amit Kumar
Production and Plantations, Red Otter Farms Pvt Ltd., Nainital 263159, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 5;14(15):2430. doi: 10.3390/plants14152430.
Micronutrients play a prominent role in plant growth and development, and their bioavailability is a growing global concern. Zinc is one of the most important micronutrients in the plant life cycle, acting as a metallic cofactor for numerous biochemical reactions within plant cells. Zinc deficiency in plants leads to various physiological abnormalities, ultimately affecting nutritional quality and posing challenges to food security. Biofortification methods have been adopted by agronomists to increase Zn concentrations in crops through optimal foliar and soil applications. Changing climatic conditions and conventional agricultural practices alter edaphic factors, reducing zinc bioavailability in soils due to abrupt weather changes. Precision agriculture emphasizes need-based and site-specific technologies to address these nutritional deficiencies. Nanoscience, a multidimensional approach, reduces particle size to the nanometer (nm) scale to enhance their efficiency in precise amounts. Nanoscale forms of Zn and their broad applications across crops are gaining attention in agriculture under varied application methods. This review focuses on the significance of Zn oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and their extensive application in crop production. We also discuss optimum dosage levels, ZnONPs synthesis, application methods, toxicity, and promising future strategies in this field.
微量营养素在植物生长发育中发挥着重要作用，其生物有效性日益受到全球关注。锌是植物生命周期中最重要的微量营养素之一，作为植物细胞内众多生化反应的金属辅因子。植物缺锌会导致各种生理异常，最终影响营养品质并对粮食安全构成挑战。农学家采用生物强化方法，通过优化叶面和土壤施用，提高作物中的锌含量。不断变化的气候条件和传统农业做法改变了土壤因子，由于天气突变，土壤中锌的生物有效性降低。精准农业强调基于需求和特定地点的技术，以解决这些营养缺乏问题。纳米科学是一种多维度方法，将颗粒尺寸减小到纳米（nm）尺度，以提高其精确用量的效率。锌的纳米级形式及其在各种作物上的广泛应用，在不同施用方法下正受到农业领域的关注。本综述重点关注氧化锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）的重要性及其在作物生产中的广泛应用。我们还讨论了最佳剂量水平、ZnONPs的合成、施用方法、毒性以及该领域有前景的未来策略。
