Takashima Atsuko, Wagensveld Barbara, van Turennout Miranda, Zwitserlood Pienie, Hagoort Peter, Verhoeven Ludo
Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9101, Kapittelweg 29, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Neuropsychologia. 2014 Aug;61:299-314. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.017. Epub 2014 Jun 21.
To investigate the neural underpinnings of word decoding, and how it changes as a function of repeated exposure, we trained Dutch participants repeatedly over the course of a month of training to articulate a set of novel disyllabic input strings written in Greek script to avoid the use of familiar orthographic representations. The syllables in the input were phonotactically legal combinations but non-existent in the Dutch language, allowing us to assess their role in novel word decoding. Not only trained disyllabic pseudowords were tested but also pseudowords with recombined patterns of syllables to uncover the emergence of syllabic representations. We showed that with extensive training, articulation became faster and more accurate for the trained pseudowords. On the neural level, the initial stage of decoding was reflected by increased activity in visual attention areas of occipito-temporal and occipito-parietal cortices, and in motor coordination areas of the precentral gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. After one month of training, memory representations for holistic information (whole word unit) were established in areas encompassing the angular gyrus, the precuneus and the middle temporal gyrus. Syllabic representations also emerged through repeated training of disyllabic pseudowords, such that reading recombined syllables of the trained pseudowords showed similar brain activation to trained pseudowords and were articulated faster than novel combinations of letter strings used in the trained pseudowords.
为了研究单词解码的神经基础，以及它如何随着反复接触而变化，我们在一个月的训练过程中对荷兰参与者进行了反复训练，让他们清晰地说出一组用希腊字母书写的新颖双音节输入字符串，以避免使用熟悉的正字法表示。输入中的音节在语音上是合法的组合，但在荷兰语中不存在，这使我们能够评估它们在新颖单词解码中的作用。不仅对训练过的双音节假词进行了测试，还对音节组合模式重新组合的假词进行了测试，以揭示音节表征的出现。我们发现，经过广泛训练后，训练过的假词的发音变得更快、更准确。在神经层面上，解码的初始阶段表现为枕颞叶和枕顶叶皮质的视觉注意力区域以及中央前回和额下回的运动协调区域的活动增加。经过一个月的训练，在包括角回、楔前叶和颞中回的区域中建立了整体信息（整个单词单元）的记忆表征。通过对双音节假词的反复训练，音节表征也出现了，因此，阅读训练过的假词的重新组合音节显示出与训练过的假词相似的大脑激活，并且发音比训练过的假词中使用的字母串的新颖组合更快。
