Shin Hye-Won, Takatsu Hiroyuki, Nakayama Kazuhisa
Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Membranes (Basel). 2012 Feb 29;2(1):118-33. doi: 10.3390/membranes2010118.
During the vesicular trafficking process, cellular membranes undergo dynamic morphological changes, in particular at the vesicle generation and fusion steps. Changes in membrane shape are regulated by small GTPases, coat proteins and other accessory proteins, such as BAR domain-containing proteins. In addition, membrane deformation entails changes in the lipid composition as well as asymmetric distribution of lipids over the two leaflets of the membrane bilayer. Given that P4-ATPases, which catalyze unidirectional flipping of lipid molecules from the exoplasmic to the cytoplasmic leaflets of the bilayer, are crucial for the trafficking of proteins in the secretory and endocytic pathways, changes in the lipid composition are involved in the vesicular trafficking process. Membrane remodeling is under complex regulation that involves the composition and distribution of lipids as well as assembly of proteins.
在囊泡运输过程中，细胞膜会发生动态形态变化，尤其是在囊泡生成和融合步骤。膜形状的变化由小GTP酶、包被蛋白和其他辅助蛋白（如含BAR结构域的蛋白）调节。此外，膜变形会导致脂质组成的变化以及脂质在膜双层两个小叶上的不对称分布。鉴于催化脂质分子从双层膜的细胞外侧小叶单向翻转到细胞质小叶的P4-ATP酶对于分泌和内吞途径中蛋白质的运输至关重要，脂质组成的变化参与了囊泡运输过程。膜重塑受到复杂的调控，涉及脂质的组成和分布以及蛋白质的组装。
