Callea Paola, Zimbalatti Giuseppe, Quendler Elisabeth, Nimmerichter Alfred, Bachl Norbert, Bernardi Bruno, Smorto Dario, Benalia Souraya
Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Italy.
University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Division of Agricultural Engineering, Vienna, Austria.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014;21(2):407-11. doi: 10.5604/1232-1966.1108614.
Special strains are an occupational hazard often due to physical loads and inadequately designed work equipment.
The aim of this pilot study was to determine occupational illnesses related to physical strains through an experimental design that assesses the associated working postures and oxygen uptake in apple harvesting.Three methods were applied to define the physical stress provoked by apple farming tasks.
The experiments considered 5 labourers - 3 women and 2 men. The physical fatigue was assessed through oxygen consumption and heartbeat frequency according to UNI EN ISO 8996 standards. Measurements were conducted using a portable metabolimeter(COSMED). Working postures were determined according to Ovako Working Posture Analysis System(OWAS). An interview was conducted to record the labourers' subjective estimate of the stress.
The interview results demonstrated neck and dorsal pains and fatigue causes for each operator. The VO₂ was equal to 82.33 ± 27.40 lO₂/h for women and 67.00 ± 27.60 lO₂/h for men, meaning that it was tiring for some men but for all women. The heart rates were of 115 ± 6.00 bpm for women and 113 ± 5.65 bpm for men. The VCO₂ was of 63.81 ± 21.45 lCO₂/h for women and 45.10 ± 25.53 lCO₂/h for men, while energetic equivalent and body surface area were similar for both genders, about 5.60W × h/l O₂ and 1,80 m(2) on average. Women's metabolic rate had a very high value - over 290W × m(-2), although for the men it was between 200-260W × m(-2). According to OWAS, low apple picking was ranked in class 2, high apple picking in class 1, and apple transportation belonged to class 3. conclusion. Related to VO₂ and VCO₂ consumption and the identified negative body postures, it is necessary to improve working conditions.
特殊菌株是一种职业危害，通常是由于身体负荷和设计不当的工作设备所致。
本试点研究的目的是通过一种实验设计来确定与身体劳损相关的职业病，该设计评估苹果采摘过程中的相关工作姿势和氧气摄取量。应用了三种方法来定义苹果种植任务所引发的身体压力。
实验涉及5名劳动者——3名女性和2名男性。根据UNI EN ISO 8996标准，通过氧气消耗和心跳频率评估身体疲劳程度。使用便携式代谢仪（COSMED）进行测量。根据欧瓦科工作姿势分析系统（OWAS）确定工作姿势。进行了一次访谈，以记录劳动者对压力的主观估计。
访谈结果表明了每位操作者的颈部和背部疼痛及疲劳原因。女性的耗氧量（VO₂）为82.33±27.40升氧气/小时，男性为67.00±27.60升氧气/小时，这意味着对一些男性来说工作很累，但对所有女性来说都很累。女性的心率为115±6.00次/分钟，男性为113±5.65次/分钟。女性的二氧化碳排出量（VCO₂）为63.81±21.45升二氧化碳/小时，男性为45.10±25.53升二氧化碳/小时，而男女的能量当量和体表面积相似，平均约为5.60瓦·时/升氧气和1.80平方米。女性的代谢率非常高——超过290瓦·平方米-2，而男性的代谢率在200 - 260瓦·平方米-2之间。根据OWAS，低位苹果采摘属于2级，高位苹果采摘属于1级，苹果运输属于3级。结论。与VO₂和VCO₂消耗以及所确定的不良身体姿势相关，有必要改善工作条件。
