采用基于视频的方法对温室辣椒采摘过程中的三维峰值和累积下背部及肩部负荷与姿势进行研究。

3D peak and cumulative low back and shoulder loads and postures during greenhouse pepper harvesting using a video-based approach.

作者信息

Gyemi Danielle L, van Wyk Paula M, Statham Melissa, Casey Jeff, Andrews David M

机构信息

Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.

Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers, Windsor, ON, Canada.

出版信息

Work. 2016;55(4):817-829. doi: 10.3233/WOR-162442.

DOI:10.3233/WOR-162442

PMID:28059807

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In agricultural field work many tasks have been cited as high priority risk factors for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). Although video-based biomechanical approaches have been effective in documenting the physical demands and risks associated with various occupational and non-occupational tasks, to date, this method has yet to be used to document jobs such as crop harvesting in a greenhouse environment.

OBJECTIVE

To document and assess the postural characteristics and 3D peak and cumulative low back and shoulder loads associated with greenhouse pepper harvesting using a video-based posture sampling approach.

METHODS

Nine male (28.2 (4.1) years) pepper harvesters from a greenhouse in Southwestern Ontario, Canada were videotaped during a normal shift. 3DMatch was used to document working trunk and shoulder postures, from which 3D peak and cumulative forces and moments were quantified.

RESULTS

On average, workers spent the majority of their time in neutral trunk postures (lateral bend: 99.1%; axial twist: 59.9%; flexion: 89.8%). Consistent results were found for the left and right shoulder, with the arms held in a neutral flexion posture 50% of the time or more. Four participants experienced peak L4/L5 compression forces (between 4116.3 N and 5937.0 N) which exceeded the NIOSH Action Limit (3400 N) during the cart pushing/pulling task, but remained below the threshold during picking. Mean cumulative L4/L5 extension and shoulder flexion moments ranged in magnitude from 18.5 Nm to 28.2 Nm, and between 19.4 Nm and 23.2 Nm, respectively, across all tasks.

CONCLUSIONS

The postural characteristics and biomechanical loads associated with greenhouse pepper harvesting were quantified with a video-based biomechanical approach. Further investigations of the physical risk factors for low back and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders is warranted in pepper harvesting, given the postures and loads documented in this study.

摘要

背景

在农业田间作业中，许多任务被认为是导致与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WRMDs）的高优先级风险因素。尽管基于视频的生物力学方法在记录与各种职业和非职业任务相关的身体需求和风险方面很有效，但迄今为止，这种方法尚未用于记录温室环境中的作物收获等工作。

目的

使用基于视频的姿势采样方法，记录和评估与温室辣椒收获相关的姿势特征以及腰部和肩部的三维峰值和累积负荷。

方法

对来自加拿大安大略省西南部一个温室的9名男性（28.2（4.1）岁）辣椒采摘工在正常班次期间进行录像。使用3DMatch记录工作时的躯干和肩部姿势，并对三维峰值以及累积力和力矩进行量化。

结果

平均而言，工人大部分时间处于躯干中立姿势（侧弯：99.1%；轴向扭转：59.9%；屈曲：89.8%）。左右肩部的结果一致，手臂有50%或更多时间保持在中立屈曲姿势。四名参与者在推车/拉车任务中经历的L4/L5峰值压缩力（介于4116.3 N和5937.0 N之间）超过了美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）的行动限值（3400 N），但在采摘过程中仍低于该阈值。在所有任务中，L4/L5平均累积伸展力矩和肩部屈曲力矩的大小范围分别为18.5 Nm至28.2 Nm以及19.4 Nm至23.2 Nm。