Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Brain Sci. 2012 Feb 6;2(1):22-32. doi: 10.3390/brainsci2010022.
In some circumstances, accurate recognition of repeated images in an explicit memory test is driven by implicit memory. We propose that this "implicit recognition" results from perceptual fluency that influences responding without awareness of memory retrieval. Here we examined whether recognition would vary if images appeared in the same or different visual hemifield during learning and testing. Kaleidoscope images were briefly presented left or right of fixation during divided-attention encoding. Presentation in the same visual hemifield at test produced higher recognition accuracy than presentation in the opposite visual hemifield, but only for guess responses. These correct guesses likely reflect a contribution from implicit recognition, given that when the stimulated visual hemifield was the same at study and test, recognition accuracy was higher for guess responses than for responses with any level of confidence. The dramatic difference in guessing accuracy as a function of lateralized perceptual overlap between study and test suggests that implicit recognition arises from memory storage in visual cortical networks that mediate repetition-induced fluency increments.
在某些情况下,在明确的记忆测试中对重复图像的准确识别是由内隐记忆驱动的。我们提出,这种“内隐识别”是由感知流畅性引起的,它在没有记忆检索意识的情况下影响反应。在这里,我们研究了在学习和测试期间,如果图像出现在相同或不同的视觉半视野中,识别会如何变化。在分散注意力的编码过程中,万花筒图像短暂地出现在注视点的左侧或右侧。在测试中出现在相同的视觉半视野中比出现在相反的视觉半视野中产生更高的识别准确性,但仅适用于猜测反应。这些正确的猜测可能反映了内隐识别的贡献,因为当刺激的视觉半视野在学习和测试中相同时,猜测反应的识别准确性高于任何置信水平的反应。猜测准确性的巨大差异是由于研究和测试之间的侧化感知重叠,这表明内隐识别源于介导重复诱导流畅性增加的视觉皮层网络中的记忆存储。