Yan Dawei, Duermeyer Lisza, Leoveanu Catalina, Nambara Eiji
Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2.
Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2 The Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3B2 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Plant Cell Physiol. 2014 Sep;55(9):1521-33. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcu089. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
In angiosperms, a double fertilization event initiates the development of two distinct structures, the embryo and endosperm. The endosperm plays an important role in supporting embryonic growth by supplying nutrients, protecting the embryo and controlling embryo growth by acting as a mechanical barrier during seed development and germination. Its structure and function in the mature dry seed is divergent and specialized among different plant species. A subset of endospermic tissues are composed of living cells even after seed maturation, and play an active role in the regulation of seed germination. Transcriptome analysis has provided new insights into the regulatory functions of the endosperm during seed germination. It is well known that the embryo secretes signals to the endosperm to induce the degradation of the seed reserve and to promote endosperm weakening during germination. Recent advances in seed biology have shown that the endosperm is capable of sensing environmental signals, and can produce and secrete signals to regulate the growth of the embryo. Thus, germination is a systemic response that involves bidirectional interactions between the embryo and endosperm.
在被子植物中，双受精事件启动了两种不同结构即胚和胚乳的发育。胚乳通过提供营养、保护胚以及在种子发育和萌发过程中作为机械屏障来控制胚的生长，从而在支持胚的生长方面发挥重要作用。其在成熟干种子中的结构和功能在不同植物物种间存在差异且具有特异性。即使在种子成熟后，一部分胚乳组织仍由活细胞组成，并在种子萌发调控中发挥积极作用。转录组分析为胚乳在种子萌发过程中的调控功能提供了新见解。众所周知，胚会向胚乳分泌信号，以诱导种子储备物质的降解，并在萌发过程中促进胚乳弱化。种子生物学的最新进展表明，胚乳能够感知环境信号，并能产生和分泌信号来调节胚的生长。因此，萌发是一种涉及胚和胚乳之间双向相互作用的系统性反应。
