Pintha Komsak, Yodkeeree Supachai, Pitchakarn Pornsirit, Limtrakul Pornngarm
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(11):4601-7. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4601.
Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. It was found that at 100 μg/ml of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), hexane fraction (Hex) and dichloromethane fraction (DCM) could reduce HT1080 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell invasion. Hex and DCM revealed higher potency levels than CEE, whereas an ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) had no effect. Gelatin zymography revealed that Hex decreased the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and-9). In contrast, the DCM fraction exhibited slightly effect on MMPs secretion and had no effect on MMPs activity. Collagenase activity was significantly inhibited by the Hex and DCM fractions. High amounts of γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol were found in the Hex and DCM fractions and demonstrated an anti-invasion property. On the other hand, proanthocyanidin was detected only in the CEE fraction and reduced MDA-MB-231 cells invasion property. These observations suggest that proanthocyanidin, γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol in the red rice fractions might be responsible for the anti invasion activity. The red rice extract may have a potential to serve as a food-derived chemotherapeutic agent for cancer patients.
红米含有酚类、谷维素、生育三烯酚和生育酚等药理物质。最近，红米提取物已被用作抗氧化剂来源以抑制肿瘤生长。本研究旨在评估红米提取物各组分对癌细胞的抗侵袭作用。结果发现，在100μg/ml的粗乙醇提取物（CEE）、己烷组分（Hex）和二氯甲烷组分（DCM）作用下，HT1080和MDA-MB-231癌细胞的侵袭能力可被降低。Hex和DCM的效力水平高于CEE，而乙酸乙酯组分（EtOAc）则无作用。明胶酶谱分析显示，Hex可降低基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9（MMP-2和-9）的分泌及活性。相比之下，DCM组分对MMPs的分泌影响较小，对MMPs活性无影响。Hex和DCM组分可显著抑制胶原酶活性。在Hex和DCM组分中发现了大量的γ-谷维素和γ-生育三烯酚，它们具有抗侵袭特性。另一方面，原花青素仅在CEE组分中被检测到，且其可降低MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭能力。这些观察结果表明，红米组分中的原花青素、γ-谷维素和γ-生育三烯酚可能是其抗侵袭活性的原因所在。红米提取物可能有潜力作为一种源自食物的癌症化疗药物用于癌症患者。
