Aranjuelo Iker, Arrese-Igor Cesar, Molero Gemma
Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain.
Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
J Plant Physiol. 2014 Jul 15;171(12):1076-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.002. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
Global climate models predict that future environmental conditions will see alterations in temperature, water availability and CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in the atmosphere. Climate change will reinforce the need to develop highly productive crops. For this purpose it is essential to identify target traits conditioning plant performance in changing environments. N2 fixing plants represent the second major crop of agricultural importance worldwide. The current review provides a compilation of results from existing literature on the effects of several abiotic stress conditions on nodule performance and N2 fixation. The environmental factors analysed include water stress, salinity, temperature, and elevated [CO2]. Despite the large number of studies analysing [CO2] effects in plants, frequently they have been conducted under optimal growth conditions that are difficult to find in natural conditions where different stresses often occur simultaneously. This is why we have also included a section describing the current state of knowledge of interacting environmental conditions in nodule functioning. Regardless of the environmental factor considered, it is evident that some general patterns of nodule response are observed. Nodule carbohydrate and N compound availability, together with the presence of oxygen reactive species (ROS) have proven to be the key factors modulating N2 fixation at the physiological/biochemical levels. However, with the exception of water availability and [CO2], it should also be considered that nodule performance has not been characterised in detail under other limiting growth conditions. This highlights the necessity to conduct further studies considering these factors. Finally, we also observe that a better understanding of these metabolic effects of changing environment in nodule functioning would require an integrated and synergistic investigation based on widely used and novel protocols such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and stable isotopes.
全球气候模型预测，未来的环境条件将使大气温度、水资源可利用性以及二氧化碳浓度（[CO₂]）发生变化。气候变化将强化培育高产作物的需求。为此，识别在不断变化的环境中决定植物性能的目标性状至关重要。固氮植物是全球第二大具有农业重要性的作物。本综述汇总了现有文献中关于几种非生物胁迫条件对根瘤性能和固氮作用影响的研究结果。所分析的环境因素包括水分胁迫、盐度、温度以及升高的[CO₂]。尽管有大量研究分析了[CO₂]对植物的影响，但这些研究往往是在最优生长条件下进行的，而在自然条件下很难找到这样的最优条件，因为不同胁迫常常同时出现。这就是为什么我们还纳入了一个章节，描述根瘤功能中环境条件相互作用的现有知识状态。无论考虑哪种环境因素，很明显都能观察到一些根瘤反应的一般模式。根瘤碳水化合物和氮化合物的可利用性，以及氧活性物质（ROS）的存在，已被证明是在生理/生化水平上调节固氮作用的关键因素。然而，除了水分可利用性和[CO₂]之外，还应考虑到在其他限制生长条件下，根瘤性能尚未得到详细表征。这凸显了考虑这些因素进行进一步研究的必要性。最后，我们还观察到，要更好地理解环境变化对根瘤功能的这些代谢影响，需要基于转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和稳定同位素等广泛使用的新方法进行综合协同研究。
