School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Dec;21(23):13646-55. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3242-8. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
With the development of economy, most of Chinese cities are at the stage of rapid urbanization in recent years, which has caused many environmental problems, especially the serious deterioration of water quality. Therefore, the research of the relationship between urbanization and water quality has important theoretical and practical significance, and it is also the main restriction factor in the urbanization advancement. In this work, we investigated the impact of urbanization on the water quality of the nearby river. We established a comprehensive environmental assessment framework by combining urbanization and water quality, and one model was designed to examine the impact of urbanization on the water quality in Jinan from 2001 to 2010 with factor component analysis. The assessment of urbanization level was accomplished using a comprehensive index system, which was based on four aspects: demographic urbanization, economic urbanization, land urbanization, and social urbanization. In addition, synthetic pollution index method was utilized to assess the water pollution of Xiaoqing River in the study area. Through the analysis of regression curves, we conclude that (1) when the urbanization level is below 25 %, the relationship is low and irregular; (2) if the urbanization level varies between 25 and 40 %, there will be an irreversible degradation of stream water quality; (3) there is a positive correlation between urbanization and pollution levels of urban river after the adjustment period; and (4) land and demographic aspects have the highest independent contribution. This study is a useful reference for policymakers in terms of economic and environmental management.
随着经济的发展，近年来中国大多数城市都处于快速城市化阶段，这导致了许多环境问题，特别是水质的严重恶化。因此，城市化与水质之间关系的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义，也是城市化进程的主要制约因素。在这项工作中，我们调查了城市化对附近河流水质的影响。我们通过结合城市化和水质建立了一个综合的环境评估框架，并设计了一个模型，利用因子成分分析来检验城市化对济南 2001 年至 2010 年水质的影响。城市化水平的评估采用了一个综合指数系统，该系统基于人口城市化、经济城市化、土地城市化和社会城市化四个方面。此外，还利用综合污染指数法评估了研究区域内小清河的水污染情况。通过回归曲线的分析，我们得出以下结论：（1）当城市化水平低于 25%时，两者之间的关系是低且不规则的；（2）如果城市化水平在 25%至 40%之间变化，那么河流水质将不可逆转地恶化；（3）城市化与城市河流的污染水平在调整期后呈正相关；（4）土地和人口方面的城市化具有最高的独立贡献。这项研究为决策者在经济和环境管理方面提供了有益的参考。
