The Environmental Geographic Information System (EGIS) Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Sep;180(1-4):501-20. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1802-z. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH⁺₄-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH⁺₄-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH⁺ ₄-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn) ≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5) ≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH⁺₄-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.
中国浙江温瑞塘河流域水质急剧恶化，特别是自 1995 年以来经济快速发展导致了这一问题。本研究旨在利用地理信息系统、聚类分析（CA）和主成分分析（PCA）评估温瑞塘河流域主要污染物（NH⁺₄-N、TN、BOD（5）、COD（Mn）、DO）的时空变化。结果表明，三级河流中 BOD（5）、COD（Mn）、NH⁺₄-N 和 TN 的浓度明显高于一级和二级河流。2006 年 4 月至 2007 年 3 月，所有样品中 NH⁺₄-N（2.25-57.9mg/L）和 TN（3.78-70.4mg/L）的浓度均超过国家 V 类水质标准（≥2mg/L），而所有 COD（Mn）（1.83-27.5mg/L）的 5.3%和所有 BOD（5）（0.34-50.4mg/L）的 33.6%样品均超过国家 V 类水质标准（COD（Mn）≥15mg/L，BOD（5）≥10mg/L）。污染物浓度的月变化没有明显规律，但相关分析表明，三级河流中的 NH⁺₄-N 和 TN 与 5 天累积降雨量和月降雨量呈显著负相关，而在一级和二级河流中则没有显著相关性。CA 和空间分析的结果表明，温瑞塘河流域的北部是污染最严重的地区。该地区的特点是人口密度高，工商业活动频繁。PCA 和空间分析表明，水质恶化是人为活动和废水管理不善造成的。
