How psychiatrist's communication skills and patient's diagnosis affect emotions disclosure during first diagnostic consultations.

OBJECTIVE

To describe how emotions are disclosed during psychiatric diagnostic consultations and the contribution of the psychiatrists in facilitating their expression.

METHODS

Descriptive naturalistic study. Sixteen psychiatrists recorded their first consultations with 104 patients. Emotions and the immediate response given by the psychiatrist were coded with the Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. For each disclosed emotion, the potential link to preceding expressions with affective content (cue or concern) was checked and the immediate response given by the psychiatrist was coded.

RESULTS

Most emotions were expressions of anxiety in terms of psycho-physiological or cognitive correlates. Concerns were present in 94% of the consultations, 47.6% were not linked to previous cues/concerns. Cues which became concerns and concerns which were further elaborated by the patient were those that had been acknowledged and handled by the psychiatrist by actively providing space to their expression. Compared to all other diagnostic groups, patients with mood disorders talked more explicitly and more often about their feelings.

CONCLUSION

The type and frequency of expressed emotions varies with patient diagnosis, suggesting different cognitive processes underlining psychopathology.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Psychiatrist's competence in providing space by using active listening skills is essential to uncover patients emotions.