O'Hora Denis, Barnes-Holmes Dermot, Stewart Ian
National University of Ireland, Galway.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2014 Jul;102(1):66-85. doi: 10.1002/jeab.95. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
It is possible to understand instructions and yet not follow them. In the current study, participants responded in accordance with derived instructions and then this relational repertoire was brought under over-arching consequential control. Across two experiments, nine undergraduates, trained to respond in accordance with Same/Different and Before/After relations in the presence of arbitrary contextual cues, produced sequences of responses based on 'instructions' composed of novel stimuli and the previously trained relational cues. Consequences for following instructions were then manipulated. In Experiment 1, for all five participants that responded in accordance with derived relations, reinforcing and punishing instruction-following generalized to novel instructions. In Experiment 2, reinforcing and punishing consequences were varied systematically in the presence of two novel antecedent stimuli and antecedent control was observed for all three participants. These findings demonstrate that understanding instructions and following them may be subject to independent sources of stimulus control.
理解指令但不遵循指令是有可能的。在当前的研究中，参与者根据推导出来的指令做出反应，然后这种关系性技能被置于总体的结果控制之下。在两个实验中，九名本科生在任意情境线索出现时，经过训练根据相同/不同和之前/之后的关系做出反应，他们根据由新刺激和先前训练的关系线索组成的“指令”生成反应序列。然后对遵循指令的结果进行了操纵。在实验1中，对于所有按照推导关系做出反应的五名参与者，强化和惩罚遵循指令的行为推广到了新的指令上。在实验2中，在两种新的先行刺激出现时，强化和惩罚结果被系统地改变，并且观察到所有三名参与者都出现了先行控制。这些发现表明，理解指令和遵循指令可能受到独立的刺激控制源的影响。
