Tobias Joseph D
Pediatr Ann. 2014 Jul;43(7):e163-8. doi: 10.3928/00904481-20140619-10.
The field of pediatric pain management continues to evolve, with ongoing changes in our appreciation of the impact of pain on our fragile patients, a better understanding of how to assess pain, and refinements of the medications and techniques used to provide analgesia to patients with acute pain of various etiologies. The following article reviews the techniques for the assessment of pain, including various age-specific pain scoring systems. The pharmacological management of pain is discussed, including the use of agents that inhibit prostaglandin formation-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and acetaminophen-as well as the "weak opioids" that are commonly used when oral administration is feasible for the treatment of mild to moderate pain.
小儿疼痛管理领域在持续发展，我们对疼痛对脆弱患儿的影响的认识不断变化，对如何评估疼痛有了更好的理解，用于为各种病因引起的急性疼痛患者提供镇痛的药物和技术也在不断完善。以下文章回顾了疼痛评估技术，包括各种针对不同年龄的疼痛评分系统。文中还讨论了疼痛的药物治疗，包括使用抑制前列腺素形成的药物——非甾体抗炎药和对乙酰氨基酚，以及在口服给药可行时用于治疗轻至中度疼痛的“弱阿片类药物”。
