Brocherie Franck, Girard Olivier, Faiss Raphael, Millet Grégoire P
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and 2Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Jan;29(1):226-37. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000590.
This study examined the effects of 5 weeks (∼60 minutes per training, 2 d·wk) of run-based high-intensity repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and explosive strength/agility/sprint training in either normobaric hypoxia repeated sprints in hypoxia (RSH; inspired oxygen fraction [FIO2] = 14.3%) or repeated sprints in normoxia (RSN; FIO2 = 21.0%) on physical performance in 16 highly trained, under-18 male footballers. For both RSH (n = 8) and RSN (n = 8) groups, lower-limb explosive power, sprinting (10-40 m) times, maximal aerobic speed, repeated-sprint (10 × 30 m, 30-s rest) and repeated-agility (RA) (6 × 20 m, 30-s rest) abilities were evaluated in normoxia before and after supervised training. Lower-limb explosive power (+6.5 ± 1.9% vs. +5.0 ± 7.6% for RSH and RSN, respectively; both p < 0.001) and performance during maximal sprinting increased (from -6.6 ± 2.2% vs. -4.3 ± 2.6% at 10 m to -1.7 ± 1.7% vs. -1.3 ± 2.3% at 40 m for RSH and RSN, respectively; p values ranging from <0.05 to <0.01) to a similar extent in RSH and RSN. Both groups improved best (-3.0 ± 1.7% vs. -2.3 ± 1.8%; both p ≤ 0.05) and mean (-3.2 ± 1.7%, p < 0.01 vs. -1.9 ± 2.6%, p ≤ 0.05 for RSH and RSN, respectively) repeated-sprint times, whereas sprint decrement did not change. Significant interactions effects (p ≤ 0.05) between condition and time were found for RA ability-related parameters with very likely greater gains (p ≤ 0.05) for RSH than RSN (initial sprint: 4.4 ± 1.9% vs. 2.0 ± 1.7% and cumulated times: 4.3 ± 0.6% vs. 2.4 ± 1.7%). Maximal aerobic speed remained unchanged throughout the protocol. In youth highly trained football players, the addition of 10 repeated-sprint training sessions performed in hypoxia vs. normoxia to their regular football practice over a 5-week in-season period was more efficient at enhancing RA ability (including direction changes), whereas it had no additional effect on improvements in lower-limb explosive power, maximal sprinting, and RSA performance.
本研究考察了为期5周（每次训练约60分钟，每周2天）的基于跑步的高强度重复冲刺能力（RSA）以及爆发力/敏捷性/冲刺训练对16名18岁以下的高水平男性足球运动员体能的影响。该训练分别在常压低氧环境下进行重复冲刺训练（RSH；吸入氧分数[FIO2]=14.3%）或常氧环境下进行重复冲刺训练（RSN；FIO2 = 21.0%）。对于RSH组（n = 8）和RSN组（n = 8），在监督训练前后，于常氧环境下评估下肢爆发力、冲刺（10 - 40米）时间、最大有氧速度、重复冲刺（10×30米，休息30秒）和重复敏捷性（RA）（6×20米，休息30秒）能力。下肢爆发力（RSH组增加6.5±1.9%，RSN组增加5.0±7.6%；p均<0.001）以及最大冲刺时的表现均有所提高（RSH组在10米处从-6.6±2.2%提高到-1.7±1.7%，40米处从-4.3±2.6%提高到-1.3±2.3%；RSN组同理；p值范围为<0.05至<0.01），RSH组和RSN组提高程度相似。两组的最佳重复冲刺时间（RSH组为-3.0±1.7%，RSN组为-2.3±1.8%；p均≤0.05）和平均重复冲刺时间（RSH组为-3.2±1.7%，p<0.01；RSN组为-1.9±2.6%，p≤0.05）均有所改善，而冲刺递减率未发生变化。在与RA能力相关的参数方面，发现条件和时间之间存在显著交互作用（p≤0.05），RSH组的增益很可能大于RSN组（初始冲刺：4.4±1.9%对2.0±1.7%；累积时间：4.3±0.6%对2.4±1.7%）。在整个实验过程中，最大有氧速度保持不变。对于青年高水平足球运动员，在为期5周的赛季内，在常规足球训练基础上增加10次在低氧环境下与常氧环境下进行的重复冲刺训练，在提高RA能力（包括方向改变）方面更有效，而对下肢爆发力、最大冲刺能力和RSA表现的改善没有额外影响。
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