Research Laboratory, EA 3300, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Picardie, Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Oct;24(10):2715-22. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf0223.
To compare the effects of explosive strength (ExpS) vs. repeated shuttle sprint (RS) training on repeated sprint ability (RSA) in young elite soccer players, 15 elite male adolescents (14.5 ± 0.5 years) performed, in addition to their soccer training program, RS (n = 7) or ExpS (n = 8) training once a week for a total of 10 weeks. RS training consisted of 2-3 sets of 5-6 × 15- to 20-m repeated shuttle sprints interspersed with 14 seconds of passive or 23 seconds of active recovery (≈2 m·s⁻¹); ExpS training consisted of 4-6 series of 4-6 exercises (e.g., maximal unilateral countermovement jumps (CMJs), calf and squat plyometric jumps, and short sprints). Before and after training, performance was assessed by 10 and 30 m (10 and 30 m) sprint times, best (RSAbest) and mean (RSAmean) times on a repeated shuttle sprint ability test, a CMJ, and a hopping (Hop) test. After training, except for 10 m (p = 0.22), all performances were significantly improved in both groups (all p's < 0.05). Relative changes in 30 m (-2.1 ± 2.0%) were similar for both groups (p = 0.45). RS training induced greater improvement in RSAbest (-2.90 ± 2.1 vs. -0.08 ± 3.3%, p = 0.04) and tended to enhance RSAmean more (-2.61 ± 2.8 vs. -0.75 ± 2.5%, p = 0.10, effect size [ES] = 0.70) than ExpS. In contrast, ExpS tended to induce greater improvements in CMJ (14.8 ± 7.7 vs. 6.8 ± 3.7%, p = 0.02) and Hop height (27.5 ± 19.2 vs. 13.5 ± 13.2%, p = 0.08, ES = 0.9) compared with RS. Improvements in the repeated shuttle sprint test were only observed after RS training, whereas CMJ height was only increased after ExpS. Because RS and ExpS were equally efficient at enhancing maximal sprinting speed, RS training-induced improvements in RSA were likely more related to progresses in the ability to change direction.
为了比较爆发力（ExpS）与重复穿梭冲刺（RS）训练对年轻精英足球运动员重复冲刺能力（RSA）的影响，15 名精英男青少年（14.5±0.5 岁）除了进行足球训练计划外，每周还进行一次 RS（n=7）或 ExpS（n=8）训练，共进行 10 周。RS 训练包括 2-3 组 5-6×15-20m 的重复穿梭冲刺，穿插 14 秒的被动或 23 秒的主动恢复（≈2 m·s⁻¹）；ExpS 训练包括 4-6 组 4-6 项练习（例如，最大单侧反跳（CMJ）、小腿和深蹲弹跳、短冲刺）。训练前后，通过 10m 和 30m（10m 和 30m）冲刺时间、重复穿梭冲刺能力测试的最佳（RSAbest）和平均（RSAmean）时间、CMJ 和跳跃（Hop）测试评估表现。训练后，两组的所有表现都有显著提高（p＜0.05），除 10m 外（p=0.22）。两组 30m 的相对变化（-2.1±2.0%）相似（p=0.45）。RS 训练使 RSAbest 改善更为明显（-2.90±2.1 比-0.08±3.3%，p=0.04），并倾向于使 RSAmean 改善更明显（-2.61±2.8 比-0.75±2.5%，p=0.10，效果大小[ES]=0.70），而 ExpS 则不然。相比之下，ExpS 倾向于使 CMJ（14.8±7.7 比 6.8±3.7%，p=0.02）和 Hop 高度（27.5±19.2 比 13.5±13.2%，p=0.08，ES=0.9）的改善更为明显，与 RS 相比。只有在进行 RS 训练后，重复穿梭冲刺测试的表现才会提高，而只有在进行 ExpS 训练后，CMJ 高度才会提高。由于 RS 和 ExpS 在提高最大冲刺速度方面同样有效，因此 RS 训练引起的 RSA 改善可能更多地与改变方向能力的进步有关。
