Perry Lynn K, Lupyan Gary
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
Brain Lang. 2014 Aug;135:66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.05.005. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
Human concepts differ in their dimensionality. Some, like green-things, require representing one dimension while abstracting over many others. Others, like bird, have higher dimensionality due to numerous category-relevant properties (feathers, two-legs). Converging evidence points to the importance of verbal labels for forming low-dimensional categories. We examined the role of verbal labels in categorization by (1) using transcranial direct current stimulation over Wernicke's area (2) providing explicit verbal labels during a category learning task. We trained participants on a novel perceptual categorization task in which categories could be distinguished by either a uni- or bi-dimensional criterion. Cathodal stimulation over Wernicke's area reduced reliance on single-dimensional solutions, while presenting informationally redundant novel labels reduced reliance on the dimension that is normally incidental in the real world. These results provide further evidence that implicit and explicit verbal labels support the process of human categorization.
人类概念在维度上存在差异。有些概念，比如绿色的东西，需要表征一个维度，同时忽略许多其他维度。而其他概念，比如鸟，由于有众多与类别相关的属性（羽毛、两条腿），其维度更高。越来越多的证据表明语言标签对于形成低维度类别很重要。我们通过以下方式研究了语言标签在分类中的作用：（1）对韦尼克区进行经颅直流电刺激；（2）在类别学习任务中提供明确的语言标签。我们让参与者在一项新颖的感知分类任务中进行训练，在该任务中，类别可以通过单维度或双维度标准来区分。对韦尼克区进行阴极刺激减少了对单维度解决方案的依赖，而呈现信息冗余的新颖标签则减少了对现实世界中通常附带维度的依赖。这些结果进一步证明了隐性和显性语言标签支持人类分类过程。
