Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Ex Hacienda Lucas Martín priv. Araucarias, C.P. 91110, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Environ Manage. 2014 Sep;54(3):656-67. doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0307-x. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
This study analyzes the potential uses of live fences and pastures as reservoirs of plant diversity for two regions with different management histories, Los Tuxtlas (LT) and Uxpanapa (UX), Veracruz, México. We studied two habitats, live fences and pastures, analyzed their species richness, diversity, structure and plant composition and classified species according to plant regeneration modes (light-demanding and shade tolerant), seed dispersal syndrome and their local uses. We recorded 62 species of trees at LT and 48 at UX. Live fences were more diverse than pastures in both regions. The LT site showed to analyze the relationship a higher diversity of plants in regeneration stages than the one at UX. However, UX had higher diversity of adult plants in the pastures than LT. Composition and structure of live fences were different between regions, as well as within live fences and pastures, 53 % of species were light-demanding and 40 % were shade tolerant; 70 % of the species were dispersed by birds. Differences between sites are associated with the modifications in live fences structure, which changed according to managerial practices and the use of local species; this may influence plant regeneration modes as well as the visits of avian dispersal agents. In LT, all species found in live fences were useful to humans, whereas in UX, less than half were used by the local population. Our results underline the importance of live fences and isolated trees in pasture habitats as potential sites to host native and useful species from tropical rain forests in livestock landscapes.
本研究分析了活篱笆和牧场作为植物多样性库的潜在用途，研究对象为墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州洛斯图尔加斯（Los Tuxtlas）和乌克斯潘阿帕（Uxpanapa）两个具有不同管理历史的地区。我们研究了两种生境，即活篱笆和牧场，分析了它们的物种丰富度、多样性、结构和植物组成，并根据植物再生模式（喜光和耐阴）、种子传播综合征及其当地用途对物种进行分类。我们在 LT 记录了 62 种树木，在 UX 记录了 48 种。在两个地区，活篱笆的物种多样性都高于牧场。LT 地区的再生阶段植物多样性分析结果表明，其多样性高于 UX 地区。然而，UX 地区牧场中成年植物的多样性高于 LT 地区。活篱笆和牧场之间以及两个地区的活篱笆内，植物组成和结构存在差异，53%的物种是喜光的，40%是耐阴的；70%的物种是通过鸟类传播的。不同地区之间的差异与活篱笆结构的改变有关，这种改变与管理实践和当地物种的利用有关；这可能会影响植物再生模式以及鸟类传播者的访问。在 LT，所有在活篱笆中发现的物种都对人类有用，而在 UX，不到一半的物种被当地居民使用。我们的研究结果强调了活篱笆和孤立树木在牧场生境中的重要性，它们是牲畜景观中热带雨林原生和有用物种的潜在栖息地。
