Galindo-González Jorge, Guevara Sergio, Sosa Vinicio J
Departamento de Ecología Vegetal, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000, Xalapa, Ver., México.
Departamento de Ecosistemas Templados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.
Conserv Biol. 2000 Dec 18;14(6):1693-1703. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.99072.x.
Bats are abundant and effective seed dispersers inside the forest, but what happens when a forest is fragmented and transformed into pasture? The landscape at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, originally rainforest, is greatly fragmented and covered with pastures. We analyzed the seed rains produced by frugivorous bats and birds under isolated trees in pastures in the fragmented landscape and the contribution of this process to vegetational recovery. We surveyed bats and obtained fecal samples under isolated trees in pastures. We also collected seed rain below the canopy of 10 isolated Ficus trees, separating nocturnally dispersed seeds from diurnally dispersed seeds. We caught 652 bats of 20 species; 83% of captures were frugivores. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (48%), Artibeus jamaicensis (18%), Carollia perspicillata (12%), and Dermanura tolteca (11%). Fecal samples contained seeds of 19 species in several families: Piperaceae (50%), Moraceae (25%), Solanaceae (12%), Cecropiaceae (10%), and others (3%). Sturnira lilium was the most important disperser bat in pastures. Seed rain was dominated by zoochorous species (89%). We found seed diversity between day and night seed captures to be comparable, but we found a significant interaction of disperser type ( bird or bat) with season. Seven plant species accounted for 79% of the seed rain: Piper auritum (23%), Ficus ( hemiepiphytic-strangler tree) spp. (17%), Cecropia obtusifolia (10%), P. amalago (10%), Ficus ( free-standing tree) spp. (8%), P. yzabalanum (6%), and Solanum rudepanum (5%). Bats and birds are important seed dispersers in pastures because they disperse seeds of pioneer and primary species (trees, shrubs, herbs, and epiphytes), connect forest fragments, and maintain plant diversity. Consequently, they might contribute to the recovery of woody vegetation in disturbed areas in tropical humid forests.
蝙蝠是森林中数量众多且高效的种子传播者，但当森林碎片化并转变为牧场时会发生什么呢？墨西哥洛斯图斯特拉斯地区原本是热带雨林，如今已被严重碎片化，到处都是牧场。我们分析了碎片化景观中牧场里孤立树木下食果蝙蝠和鸟类产生的种子雨，以及这一过程对植被恢复的贡献。我们在牧场的孤立树木下对蝙蝠进行了调查并获取了粪便样本。我们还在10棵孤立的榕树冠层下方收集了种子雨，将夜间传播的种子和白天传播的种子区分开来。我们捕获了20种共652只蝙蝠；其中83%的捕获量是食果蝙蝠。数量最多的物种是白喉黄蝠（48%）、 Jamaican fruit-eating bat（18%）、棕果蝠（12%）和托尔特克果蝠（11%）。粪便样本中含有几个科19种植物的种子：胡椒科（50%）、桑科（25%）、茄科（12%）、塞克罗皮亚科（10%）和其他科（3%）。白喉黄蝠是牧场中最重要的传播种子的蝙蝠。种子雨以动物传播的物种为主（89%）。我们发现白天和夜间收集的种子多样性相当，但发现传播者类型（鸟类或蝙蝠）与季节之间存在显著的相互作用。七种植物物种占种子雨的79%：阔叶胡椒（23%）、榕属植物（半附生绞杀树种类）（17%）、钝叶塞克罗皮亚（10%）、亚马拉戈胡椒（10%）、榕属植物（独立树种类）（8%）、yzabalanum胡椒（6%）和粗糙茄（5%）。蝙蝠和鸟类是牧场中重要的种子传播者，因为它们传播先锋物种和主要物种（树木、灌木、草本植物和附生植物）的种子，连接森林片段，并维持植物多样性。因此，它们可能有助于热带湿润森林中受干扰地区木本植被的恢复。
