Chagin Andrei S, Kronenberg Henry M
Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz Vagen 2, Stockholm 17177, SwedenEndocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2696, USA
Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz Vagen 2, Stockholm 17177, SwedenEndocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2696, USA.
J Mol Endocrinol. 2014 Oct;53(2):R39-45. doi: 10.1530/JME-14-0093. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
Herein, we review the regulation of differentiation of the growth plate chondrocytes by G-proteins. In connection with this, we summarize the current knowledge regarding each family of G-protein α subunit, specifically, Gα(s), Gα(q/11), Gα(12/13), and Gα(i/o). We discuss different mechanisms involved in chondrocyte differentiation downstream of G-proteins and different G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activating G-proteins in the epiphyseal chondrocytes. We conclude that among all G-proteins and GPCRs expressed by chondrocytes, Gα(s) has the most important role and prevents premature chondrocyte differentiation. Receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTHR1) appears to be the major activator of Gα(s) in chondrocytes and ablation of either one leads to accelerated chondrocyte differentiation, premature fusion of the postnatal growth plate, and ultimately short stature.
在此，我们综述了G蛋白对生长板软骨细胞分化的调控。与此相关，我们总结了目前关于G蛋白α亚基各家族的知识，具体而言，包括Gα(s)、Gα(q/11)、Gα(12/13)和Gα(i/o)。我们讨论了G蛋白下游参与软骨细胞分化的不同机制，以及骨骺软骨细胞中激活G蛋白的不同G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）。我们得出结论，在软骨细胞表达的所有G蛋白和GPCR中，Gα(s)具有最重要的作用，并可防止软骨细胞过早分化。甲状旁腺激素受体（PTHR1）似乎是软骨细胞中Gα(s)的主要激活剂，二者任一缺失都会导致软骨细胞分化加速、出生后生长板过早融合，并最终导致身材矮小。
