Khanna Madhu, Sharma Sachin, Kumar Binod, Rajput Roopali
Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:546274. doi: 10.1155/2014/546274. Epub 2014 May 25.
Influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is an excellent and chief target that elicits neutralizing antibodies during vaccination or natural infection. Its HA2 subunit (stem domain) is most conserved as compared to HA1 subunit (globular head domain). Current influenza vaccine relies on globular head domain that provides protection only against the homologous vaccine strains, rarely provides cross-protection against divergent strains, and needs to be updated annually. There is an urge for a truly universal vaccine that provides broad cross-protection against different subtype influenza A viruses along with influenza B viruses and need not be updated annually. Antibodies against the stem domain of hemagglutinin (HA) are able to neutralize a wide spectrum of influenza virus strains and subtypes. These stem-specific antibodies have great potential for the development of universal vaccine against influenza viruses. In this review, we have discussed the stem-specific cross-reactive antibodies and heterosubtypic protection provided by them. We have also discussed their epitope-based DNA vaccine and their future prospects in this scenario.
流感病毒表面糖蛋白血凝素（HA）是疫苗接种或自然感染过程中引发中和抗体的主要且关键靶点。与HA1亚基（球状头部结构域）相比，其HA2亚基（茎部结构域）最为保守。目前的流感疫苗依赖球状头部结构域，该结构域仅能提供针对同源疫苗株的保护，很少能提供针对不同毒株的交叉保护，且需要每年更新。迫切需要一种真正的通用疫苗，它能提供针对不同甲型流感病毒亚型以及乙型流感病毒的广泛交叉保护，且无需每年更新。针对血凝素（HA）茎部结构域的抗体能够中和多种流感病毒株和亚型。这些茎部特异性抗体在开发抗流感病毒通用疫苗方面具有巨大潜力。在本综述中，我们讨论了茎部特异性交叉反应抗体及其提供的异源亚型保护。我们还讨论了基于其表位的DNA疫苗及其在这种情况下的未来前景。
