控释掺混肥机械插秧对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响

[Effects of mechanical transplanting of rice with controlled release bulk blending fertilizer on rice yield and soil fertility].

作者信息

Zhang Xuan, Ding Jun-Shan, Liu Yan-Ling, Gu Yan, Han Ke-Feng, Wu Liang-Huan

出版信息

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2014 Mar;25(3):783-9.

Abstract

Abstract: A 2-year field experiment with a yellow-clay paddy soil in Zhejiang Province was conducted to study the effects of different planting measures combined with different fertilization practices on rice yield, soil nutrients, microbial biomass C and N and activities of urease, phosphatase, sucrase and hydrogen peroxidase at the maturity stage. Results showed that mechanical transplanting of rice with controlled release bulk blending (BB) fertilizer (BBMT) could achieve a significantly higher mean yield than traditional manual transplanting with traditional fertilizer (TFTM) and direct seeding with controlled release BB fertilizer (BBDS) by 16.3% and 27.0%, respectively. The yield by BBMT was similar to that by traditional manual transplanting with controlled release BB fertilizer (BBTM). Compared with TFTM, BBMT increased the contents of soil total-N, available N, available P and microbial biomass C, and the activities of urease, sucrase and hydrogen peroxidase by 21.5%, 13.6%, 41.2%, 27.1%, 50.0%, 22.5% and 46.2%, respectively. Therefore, BBMT, a simple high-efficiency rice cultivation method with use of a light-weighted mechanical transplanter, should be widely promoted and adopted.

摘要

在浙江省的黄黏土稻田进行了为期两年的田间试验，研究不同种植措施与不同施肥方式相结合对水稻产量、土壤养分、微生物生物量碳和氮以及成熟期脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明，采用控释掺混肥料的水稻机械插秧（BBMT）平均产量显著高于传统人工施用传统肥料插秧（TFTM）和控释掺混肥料直播（BBDS），分别高出16.3%和27.0%。BBMT的产量与传统人工施用控释掺混肥料插秧（BBTM）相似。与TFTM相比，BBMT使土壤全氮、有效氮、有效磷和微生物生物量碳含量以及脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高了21.5%、13.6%、41.2%、27.1%、50.0%、22.5%和46.2%。因此，BBMT这种使用轻型机械插秧机的简单高效水稻种植方法应得到广泛推广和采用。