Farkas Róbert, Solymosi Norbert, Takács Nóra, Hornyák Ákos, Hornok Sándor, Nachum-Biala Yaarit, Baneth Gad
Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Jul 2;7:303. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-303.
Recently, Hepatozoon canis infection has been detected among shepherd, hunting and stray dogs in the southern part of Hungary, which is considered to be free of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and close to the border with Croatia. The aim of this study was to acquire information on the possibility that red foxes and/or golden jackals could play a role in the appearance and spread of H. canis in Hungary.
A conventional PCR was used to amplify a 666 bp long fragment of the Hepatozoon 18S rRNA gene from blood samples collected from 334 foxes shot in 231 locations in 16 counties and 15 golden jackals shot in 9 locations in two southwestern counties close to Croatia. A second PCR assay was performed in some of the samples positive by the first PCR to amplify a larger segment (approximately 1500 bp) of the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. for further phylogenetic analysis.
Hepatozoon infection was detected in canids shot in 30 locations and 9 counties. Altogether 26 foxes (8.0%, 95% CI: 5-11%) and 9 jackals (60%, 95% CI: 33-81%) were PCR positive. Hepatozoon canis sequences were obtained from 12 foxes and 7 jackals. DNA sequences from 16 animals were 99-100% similar to H. canis from Croatian foxes or dogs while two of the sequences were 99% similar to an Italian fox. Half (13/26) of the infected red foxes and all golden jackals were shot in the two southwestern counties.
This is the first report on molecular evidence of H. canis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (Canis aureus) from Hungary, which is considered free from the tick vector of H. canis, R. sanguineus. Although no R. sanguineus sensu lato had been found on infected or non-infected wild canids, the detection of authochnous canine hepatozoonosis in Hungary might imply that the range of R. sanguineus sensu lato has reached this country.
最近，在匈牙利南部的牧羊犬、猎犬和流浪狗中检测到犬肝簇虫感染，匈牙利南部被认为没有广义血红扇头蜱，且靠近克罗地亚边境。本研究的目的是获取有关赤狐和/或金豺在匈牙利犬肝簇虫出现和传播中可能发挥作用的信息。
采用常规PCR从16个县231个地点射杀的334只狐狸以及靠近克罗地亚的两个西南部县9个地点射杀的15只金豺的血液样本中扩增犬肝簇虫18S rRNA基因的666 bp长片段。对首次PCR检测呈阳性的部分样本进行第二次PCR检测，以扩增犬肝簇虫属18S rRNA基因的更大片段（约1500 bp）用于进一步的系统发育分析。
在9个县30个地点射杀的犬科动物中检测到肝簇虫感染。共有26只狐狸（8.0%，95%置信区间：5 - 11%）和9只豺（60%，95%置信区间：33 - 81%）PCR检测呈阳性。从12只狐狸和7只豺中获得了犬肝簇虫序列。16只动物的DNA序列与克罗地亚狐狸或狗的犬肝簇虫序列相似度为99 - 100%，而其中两个序列与一只意大利狐狸的相似度为99%。一半（13/26）感染的赤狐和所有金豺是在两个西南部县被射杀的。
这是关于匈牙利赤狐（赤狐）和金豺（金豺）中犬肝簇虫分子证据的首次报告，匈牙利被认为没有犬肝簇虫的蜱传播媒介血红扇头蜱。尽管在感染或未感染的野生犬科动物上均未发现广义血红扇头蜱，但匈牙利本土犬肝簇虫病的检测可能意味着广义血红扇头蜱的分布范围已到达该国。
