Su Zhongjian, Cheng Hong, Zhao Di, Duan Jiali, Wang Li, Hou Dongqing, Zhang Mingming, Wang Yun, Mi Jie
Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100020, China.
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Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014 May;48(5):340-4.
To study the dietary habits of school-age children in urban and rural districts and their association with blood pressure levels in Beijing, China.
A stratified, randomly clustered sampling design was used, 29 primary and secondary schools from four urban districts and three rural districts in Beijing were randomly selected in 2004. 20 638 children aged 6-18 years old were surveyed, and 19 072 of them provided completed usable data. The weight, height and blood pressure of the subjects were measured according to standard method.10 food-groups' information was collected by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The relationship between different dietary habits and the blood pressure levels in school children was analyzed by multiple linear regression model.
The prevalence of obesity among children in urban area (12.2%, 1 218/9 984) was higher than that in rural area (6.7%, 609/9 088) (χ(2) = 4.62, P < 0.05) , whereas the prevalence of hypertension among children in urban area (8.0%, 799/9 984) was lower than that in rural area (8.9%, 809/9 088) (χ(2) = 167.32, P < 0.05) . The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among children was (65.7 ± 8.6) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in urban area and (67.0 ± 8.7) mmHg in rural area, respectively (F = 86.44, P < 0.05) , and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) among children was (103.4 ± 12.2) mmHg in urban area and (104.3 ± 11.6) mmHg in rural area, respectively (F = 11.33, P < 0.05) . Factor analysis revealed 4 dietary habits labeled prudent habit, protein habit, high-fat and high-calorie habit and vegetables and fruits habit. The 4 dietary habits' variance contribution rate respectively was 24.7%, 14.6%, 14.0%, 8.9%, and the 4 dietary habits totally reflect 62.2% characteristics of the 10 food-groups.In urban area, prudent habit was inversely associated with DBP (β' = -0.026, P < 0.05) , Protein habit was inversely associated with both children's SBP (β' = -0.018, P < 0.05) and DBP (β' = -0.030, P < 0.05) .In rural area, prudent habit was associated with children's SBP (β' = -0.050, P < 0.05) and DBP (β' = -0.039, P < 0.05) .
The dietary habits of school age children varied by sociodemographic characters in Beijing. The prudent habit and protein habit may decrease the children's blood pressure levels.
研究中国北京城乡学龄儿童的饮食习惯及其与血压水平的关系。
采用分层随机整群抽样设计，2004年从北京四个城区和三个农村地区随机选取29所中小学。对20638名6 - 18岁儿童进行调查，其中19072名提供了完整可用的数据。按照标准方法测量受试者的体重、身高和血压。通过半定量食物频率问卷收集10类食物组的信息。采用多元线性回归模型分析不同饮食习惯与学龄儿童血压水平之间的关系。
城区儿童肥胖患病率（12.2%，1218/9984）高于农村地区（6.7%，609/9088）（χ(2)=4.62，P<0.05），而城区儿童高血压患病率（8.0%，799/9984）低于农村地区（8.9%，809/9088）（χ(2)=167.32，P<0.05）。城区儿童舒张压（DBP）为（65.7±8.6）mmHg（1mmHg = 0.133kPa），农村地区为（67.0±8.7）mmHg（F = 86.44，P<0.05）；城区儿童收缩压（SBP）为（103.4±12.2）mmHg，农村地区为（104.3±11.6）mmHg（F = 11.33，P<0.05）。因子分析显示4种饮食习惯，分别为谨慎饮食习惯、蛋白质饮食习惯、高脂肪高热量饮食习惯和蔬菜水果饮食习惯。这4种饮食习惯的方差贡献率分别为24.7%、14.6%、14.0%、8.9%，4种饮食习惯共反映了10类食物组62.2%的特征。在城区，谨慎饮食习惯与舒张压呈负相关（β' = -0.026，P<0.05），蛋白质饮食习惯与儿童收缩压（β' = -0.018，P<0.05）和舒张压（β' = -0.030，P<0.05）均呈负相关。在农村地区，谨慎饮食习惯与儿童收缩压（β' = -0.050，P<0.05）和舒张压（β' = -0.039，P<0.05）相关。
北京学龄儿童的饮食习惯因社会人口学特征而异。谨慎饮食习惯和蛋白质饮食习惯可能降低儿童血压水平。
