Maison T, Stein H H
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801.
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
J Anim Sci. 2014 Aug;92(8):3502-14. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-7748. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
The digestibility of CP and AA by growing pigs in coproducts from canola and 00-rapeseed may be influenced by the variety of seeds that was grown and the processing method used to extract the oil from the seeds. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in canola meal, 00-rapeseed meal, and 00-rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. Canola meal and 00-rapeseed meal are the coproducts produced after the residual oil has been solvent extracted from canola seeds and 00-rapeseeds, respectively, whereas 00-rapeseed expellers is the coproduct from 00-rapeseeds that have been only expeller pressed. Twenty-three barrows (initial BW: 28.8 ± 2.64 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 9 × 23 Youden square design with 9 periods and 23 dietary treatments. The 23 diets included 7 diets based on the 7 samples of canola meal, 10 diets based on the 10 samples of 00-rapeseed meal, 5 diets based on the 5 samples of 00-rapeseed expellers, and a N-free diet. Each source of canola or rapeseed coproducts was used as the only source of CP and AA in 1 diet. The SID of CP and all AA except Val, Cys, and Glu were not different between canola meal and 00-rapeseed meal, but 00-rapeseed expellers had greater (P < 0.01) SID of CP and all AA except Thr, Trp, and Gly than 00-rapeseed meal, which possibly is due to heat damage in 00-rapeseed meal. For Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, SID values of 70.6%, 84.5%, 73.0%, and 82.6%, and 71.9%, 84.6%, 72.6%, and 82.6% were obtained in canola meal and rapeseed meal, respectively, whereas values in 00-rapeseed expellers were 74.7%, 87.1%, 74.0%, and 83.4%. The SID for most AA was different (P < 0.05) among the 7 sources of canola meal, among the 10 sources of 00-rapeseed meal, and among the 5 sources of 00-rapeseed expellers. The concentration of standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA in canola and 00-rapeseed coproducts can be predicted from the concentration of the corresponding AA with only a low to moderate correlation (r(2) = 0.206 to 0.655). In conclusion, AA digestibility is not different between canola meal and 00-rapeseed meal, but 00-rapeseed expellers have greater digestibility of most AA than 00-rapeseed meal. Prediction equations may not always adequately estimate the concentration of indispensable AA and standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA in canola and 00-rapeseed coproducts.
生长猪对油菜籽和双低油菜籽副产品中粗蛋白（CP）和氨基酸（AA）的消化率可能受所种植种子的品种以及从种子中提取油脂的加工方法影响。因此，本试验旨在测定生长猪饲喂油菜籽粕、双低油菜籽粕和双低油菜籽榨油饼粕时CP和AA的表观回肠消化率（AID）和标准回肠消化率（SID）。油菜籽粕和双低油菜籽粕分别是从油菜籽和双低油菜籽中用溶剂提取残留油脂后产生的副产品，而双低油菜籽榨油饼粕是仅经压榨的双低油菜籽产生的副产品。23头在回肠末端安装了T型套管的公猪（初始体重：28.8±2.64千克）被分配到一个9×23的尤登方设计中，有9个试验期和23种日粮处理。23种日粮包括基于7个油菜籽粕样本的7种日粮、基于10个双低油菜籽粕样本的10种日粮、基于5个双低油菜籽榨油饼粕样本的5种日粮以及一种无氮日粮。每种油菜籽或双低油菜籽副产品来源在1种日粮中用作CP和AA的唯一来源。油菜籽粕和双低油菜籽粕之间CP和除缬氨酸、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸之外的所有AA的SID没有差异，但双低油菜籽榨油饼粕的CP和除苏氨酸、色氨酸和甘氨酸之外的所有AA的SID比双低油菜籽粕更高（P<0.01），这可能是由于双低油菜籽粕存在热损伤。对于赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸，油菜籽粕和双低油菜籽粕的SID值分别为70.6%、84.5%、73.0%和82.6%，以及71.9%、84.6%、72.6%和82.6%，而双低油菜籽榨油饼粕中的值分别为74.7%、87.1%、74.0%和83.4%。7个油菜籽粕来源、10个双低油菜籽粕来源和5个双低油菜籽榨油饼粕来源之间大多数AA的SID不同（P<0.05）。油菜籽和双低油菜籽副产品中标准回肠可消化必需AA的浓度仅通过与相应AA浓度的低到中等相关性（r² = 0.206至0.655）来预测。总之，油菜籽粕和双低油菜籽粕之间AA消化率没有差异，但双低油菜籽榨油饼粕对大多数AA的消化率高于双低油菜籽粕。预测方程可能并不总是能充分估计油菜籽和双低油菜籽副产品中必需AA和标准回肠可消化必需AA的浓度。
