Abdelrahman Mohamed, Wang Wei, Lv HaiMiao, Di Zhou, An Zhigao, Lijun Wang, Shaukat Aftab, Bo Wang, Guangsheng Zhou, Liguo Yang, Guohua Hua
Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut, Egypt.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jun 28;9:926906. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.926906. eCollection 2022.
The recent increase in demand for animal protein sources has led to the urgency to introduce non-conventional feed sources and opened the space to study feed management and its effects on animal productivity. Forage rape ( L.) is a high-quality forage crop with a remarkable nutritional value and productive and fast growth capacity; however, studies on processing methods are limited. This study evaluates the effect of an ensiling process on rape silage quality kinetics, degradability, and milk responses in dairy buffaloes. Firstly, the whole-plant forage rape was ensiled, and silage samples were collected 30, 60, and 90 days after ensiling to determine pH, evaluation of sensory characteristics, and chemical composition. Then, samples were taken for further chemical analysis at days 30, 60, and 90. After that, the degradability of the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of the silage was evaluated by an degradability experiment using three fistulated buffalos (550 ± 20 kg body weight, 4.7 ± 0.76 years). Finally, whole-plant rape silage (after 60 days) was included in a 10, 20, and 30% of DM dairy buffalo diet in the lactating buffalo ration. The results showed that silage pH did not change significantly during the ensiling process ( > 0.05); however, the silage achieved the optimal comprehensive sensory characteristic score from days 30 to 60. There was also a significant change in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and acid detergent fiber content, which decreased significantly ( = 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). Ensiling of the whole-plant rape significantly reduced effective DM degradability ( < 0.05) without altering CP degradability ( > 0.05). Furthermore, the inclusion of forage rape silage linearly ( = 0.03) increased milk fat and protein contents and did not affect milk yield, lactose, and urea nitrogen contents in raw buffalo milk. In conclusion, whole-plant rape silage could significantly maintain the optimal ether extract (EE) protein content without affecting CP degradability, in addition to improving milk fat and milk protein. Therefore, ensiling may be an efficient method of forage rape utilization, and forage rape silage can be recommended as a good forage source for dairy buffaloes.
近期对动物蛋白来源需求的增加，使得引入非常规饲料来源变得紧迫，并为研究饲料管理及其对动物生产力的影响开辟了空间。饲用油菜是一种优质饲料作物，具有显著的营养价值以及高产和快速生长的能力；然而，关于其加工方法的研究有限。本研究评估了青贮过程对油菜青贮品质动力学、降解性以及奶水牛产奶反应的影响。首先，将全株饲用油菜进行青贮，在青贮后30天、60天和90天采集青贮样品，以测定pH值、感官特性评估和化学成分。然后，在第30天、60天和90天取样进行进一步化学分析。之后，通过使用三头瘘管水牛（体重550±20千克，年龄4.7±0.76岁）的降解性实验，评估青贮饲料干物质（DM）和粗蛋白（CP）的降解性。最后，将全株油菜青贮饲料（60天后）以占干物质的10%、20%和30%的比例纳入泌乳期奶水牛日粮中。结果表明，青贮过程中青贮饲料的pH值没有显著变化（P>0.05）；然而，青贮饲料在30天至60天达到了最佳综合感官特性评分。中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量也有显著变化，分别显著降低（P = 0.001和P<0.001））。全株油菜青贮显著降低了有效干物质降解性（P<0.05），但未改变粗蛋白降解性（P>0.05）。此外，添加饲用油菜青贮饲料使乳脂和乳蛋白含量呈线性增加（P = 0.03），且不影响原料水牛乳的产奶量、乳糖和尿素氮含量。总之，全株油菜青贮除了能提高乳脂和乳蛋白含量外，还能显著保持最佳的乙醚提取物（EE）蛋白含量，且不影响粗蛋白降解性。因此，青贮可能是饲用油菜利用的一种有效方法，油菜青贮饲料可被推荐为奶水牛的优质饲料来源。
