Sher A, James S L, Correa-Oliveira R, Hieny S, Pearce E
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Parasitology. 1989;98 Suppl:S61-8. doi: 10.1017/s0031182000072255.
Vaccination against human schistosomes in laboratory hosts is now a reality. A number of different parasite molecules have been shown to confer partial protective immunity against challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum in rodent or primate hosts. These antigens are unusually diverse in their structure and stage specificity. Interestingly, although all of the vaccine molecules characterized are situated in the tegument, their exposure on the parasite surface, in most instances, is transient and/or non-essential. The properties of four of these immunogens, glutathione-S-transferase (P26,28), paramyosin (Sm97), GP38, and GP18 are discussed. Despite the identification and recombinant synthesis of several promising protective antigens, vaccination of humans against schistosomiasis remains in the realm of fantasy. At the technical level, a major problem is the failure of any of the current vaccine immunogens and immunization protocols to induce levels of resistance sufficient for significant reduction of human infection or disease. Once this important hurdle is passed, human immunization trials should be attempted as the potential beneficial impact of a vaccine against schistosomiasis remains enormous.
在实验宿主中针对人类血吸虫的疫苗接种如今已成为现实。多种不同的寄生虫分子已被证明能在啮齿动物或灵长类宿主中，针对曼氏血吸虫或日本血吸虫的攻击感染提供部分保护性免疫。这些抗原在结构和阶段特异性方面异常多样。有趣的是，尽管所有已鉴定的疫苗分子都位于体表，但在大多数情况下，它们在寄生虫表面的暴露是短暂的和/或非必需的。本文讨论了其中四种免疫原的特性，即谷胱甘肽 - S - 转移酶（P26,28）、副肌球蛋白（Sm97）、GP38和GP18。尽管已鉴定并通过重组合成了几种有前景的保护性抗原，但针对人类的血吸虫病疫苗接种仍停留在幻想阶段。在技术层面，一个主要问题是目前任何疫苗免疫原和免疫方案都无法诱导出足以显著降低人类感染或疾病的抗性水平。一旦跨越这一重要障碍，就应尝试进行人类免疫试验，因为疫苗对血吸虫病的潜在有益影响仍然巨大。
