Naranjo Diana P, Qualls Whitney A, Jurado Hugo, Perez Juan C, Xue Rui-De, Gomez Eduardo, Beier John C
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Jul 2;14:674. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-674.
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and mosquito control programs (MCPs) diverge in settings and countries, and lead control specialists need to be aware of the most effective control strategies. Integrated Vector Management (IVM) strategies, once implemented in MCPs, aim to reduce cost and optimize protection of the populations against VBDs. This study presents a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to compare IVM strategies used by MCPs in Saint Johns County, Florida and Guayas, Ecuador. This research evaluates MCPs strategies to improve vector control activities.
Methods included descriptive findings of the MCP operations. Information was obtained from vector control specialists, directors, and residents through field trips, surveys, and questionnaires. Evaluations of the strategies and assets of the control programs where obtained through SWOT analysis and within an IVM approach.
Organizationally, the Floridian MCP is a tax-based District able to make decisions independently from county government officials, with the oversight of an elected board of commissioners. The Guayas program is directed by the country government and assessed by non-governmental organizations like the World health Organization. Operationally, the Floridian MCP conducts entomological surveillance and the Ecuadorian MCP focuses on epidemiological monitoring of human disease cases. Strengths of both MCPs were their community participation and educational programs. Weaknesses for both MCPs included limitations in budgets and technical capabilities. Opportunities, for both MCPs, are additional funding and partnerships with private, non-governmental, and governmental organizations. Threats experienced by both MCPs included political constraints and changes in the social and ecological environment that affect mosquito densities and control efforts. IVM pillars for policy making were used to compare the information among the programs. Differences included how the Ecuadorian MCP relies heavily on the community for vector control while the American MCP relies on technologies and research.
IVM based recommendations direct health policy leaders toward improving surveillance systems both entomologically and epidemiologically, improving community risk perceptions by integrating components of community participation, maximizing resources though the use of applied research, and protecting the environment by selecting low-risk pesticides. Outcomes of the research revealed that inter-sectorial and multidisciplinary interventions are critical to improve public health.
媒介传播疾病（VBDs）和蚊虫控制项目（MCPs）在不同地区和国家存在差异，控制领域的专业人员需要了解最有效的控制策略。综合媒介管理（IVM）策略一旦在蚊虫控制项目中实施，旨在降低成本并优化对人群免受媒介传播疾病侵害的保护。本研究进行了优势、劣势、机会和威胁（SWOT）分析，以比较佛罗里达州圣约翰斯县和厄瓜多尔瓜亚斯省蚊虫控制项目所采用的综合媒介管理策略。本研究评估了蚊虫控制项目改善媒介控制活动的策略。
方法包括对蚊虫控制项目运营的描述性结果。通过实地考察、调查和问卷从媒介控制专家、负责人及居民处获取信息。通过SWOT分析并在综合媒介管理方法内对控制项目的策略和资产进行评估。
在组织方面，佛罗里达州的蚊虫控制项目是一个基于税收的行政区，能够独立于县政府官员做出决策，并接受民选专员委员会的监督。瓜亚斯省的项目由国家政府指导，并由世界卫生组织等非政府组织进行评估。在运营方面，佛罗里达州的蚊虫控制项目开展昆虫学监测，而厄瓜多尔的蚊虫控制项目侧重于对人类疾病病例的流行病学监测。两个蚊虫控制项目的优势均在于社区参与和教育项目。两个项目的劣势都包括预算和技术能力方面的限制。两个项目的机会都是额外资金以及与私营、非政府和政府组织的合作。两个项目面临的威胁都包括政治限制以及影响蚊虫密度和控制工作的社会和生态环境变化。采用综合媒介管理政策制定支柱对各项目间的信息进行比较。差异包括厄瓜多尔的蚊虫控制项目在很大程度上依赖社区进行媒介控制，而美国的蚊虫控制项目依赖技术和研究。
基于综合媒介管理的建议引导卫生政策领导者在昆虫学和流行病学方面改进监测系统，通过整合社区参与要素提高社区风险认知，通过应用研究最大化资源，并通过选择低风险杀虫剂保护环境。研究结果表明，跨部门和多学科干预对于改善公共卫生至关重要。
