Ahmed Shalauddin, Ricketts Paul, Bergeron Marc, Jones Walter, Indar Lisa
J Health Popul Nutr. 2013 Dec;31(4 Suppl 1):43-56.
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is an important public-health issue in Dominica. To determine the burden of AGE in Dominica, a retrospective, cross-sectional population survey was conducted in March-April 2009 and October 2010 (low- and-high-AGE seasons) and a laboratory survey from April 2009 to March 2010. The overall monthly prevalence of self-reported AGE was 8.6 % (95% CI 7.0-10.6); the incidence rate was 1.1 episodes/person-year and 79,157.1 episodes of AGE for the total population/year. Monthly prevalence of AGE was the highest in the 1-4 year(s) age-group (25.0%), higher in females (10.8%) and also varied by health district, with the highest monthly prevalence of AGE being reported in the Portsmouth district (13.1%). This difference in gender and across the health region was statistically significant. The estimated underreporting of syndromic AGE to the Ministry of Health was 83.3%. Furthermore, for every reported laboratory-confirmed case of AGE and foodbome disease (FBD), there was an estimated underreporting factor of 280. Overall, 47% of AGE specimens tested were positive for FBD pathogens. The predominant pathogens isolated were norovirus, followed by Giardia, Salmonella, and Shigella. The total annual estimated cost of AGE was US$ 1,371,852.92, and the total cost per capita due to AGE was US$ 19.06, indicating an economic burden of AGE-related illness on a small island of Dominica.
急性肠胃炎（AGE）是多米尼克一个重要的公共卫生问题。为确定AGE在多米尼克的负担情况，于2009年3月至4月以及2010年10月（AGE低发季和高发季）开展了一项回顾性横断面人群调查，并于2009年4月至2010年3月进行了一项实验室调查。自我报告的AGE总体月患病率为8.6%（95%置信区间7.0 - 10.6）；发病率为1.1次/人年，总人口每年发生79157.1次AGE发作。AGE月患病率在1 - 4岁年龄组最高（25.0%），女性患病率较高（10.8%），且因健康区而异，朴次茅斯区报告的AGE月患病率最高（13.1%）。性别和不同健康区域之间的这种差异具有统计学意义。估计向卫生部报告的症状性AGE漏报率为83.3%。此外，每报告一例实验室确诊的AGE和食源性疾病（FBD）病例，估计漏报因素为280。总体而言，47%的AGE检测标本FBD病原体呈阳性。分离出的主要病原体是诺如病毒，其次是贾第虫、沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌。AGE的年度总估计成本为1371852.92美元，AGE人均总成本为19.06美元，这表明AGE相关疾病给多米尼克这个小岛国带来了经济负担。
