Abadi Shima H, Thode Aaron M, Blackwell Susanna B, Dowling David R
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2014 Jul;136(1):130-44. doi: 10.1121/1.4881924.
This paper presents the performance of three methods for estimating the range of broadband (50-500 Hz) bowhead whale calls in a nominally 55-m-deep waveguide: Conventional mode filtering (CMF), synthetic time reversal (STR), and triangulation. The first two methods use a linear vertical array to exploit dispersive propagation effects in the underwater sound channel. The triangulation technique used here, while requiring no knowledge about the propagation environment, relies on a distributed array of directional autonomous seafloor acoustics recorders (DASARs) arranged in triangular grid with 7 km spacing. This study uses simulations and acoustic data collected in 2010 from coastal waters near Kaktovik, Alaska. At that time, a 12-element vertical array, spanning the bottom 63% of the water column, was deployed alongside a distributed array of seven DASARs. The estimated call location-to-array ranges determined from CMF and STR are compared with DASAR triangulation results for 19 whale calls. The vertical-array ranging results are generally within ±10% of the DASAR results with the STR results providing slightly better agreement. The results also indicate that the vertical array can range calls over larger ranges and with greater precision than the particular distributed array discussed here, whenever the call locations are beyond the distributed array boundaries.
本文介绍了在一个深度标称55米的波导中估计弓头鲸宽带（50 - 500赫兹）叫声范围的三种方法的性能：传统模式滤波（CMF）、合成时间反转（STR）和三角测量法。前两种方法使用线性垂直阵列来利用水下声道中的色散传播效应。这里使用的三角测量技术虽然不需要了解传播环境，但依赖于以7公里间距排列成三角形网格的分布式定向自主海底声学记录仪（DASAR）阵列。本研究使用了模拟数据以及2010年从阿拉斯加卡克托维克附近沿海水域收集的声学数据。当时，一个跨越水柱底部63%的12元垂直阵列与一个由七个DASAR组成的分布式阵列一起部署。将由CMF和STR确定的估计叫声位置到阵列的范围与19次鲸鱼叫声的DASAR三角测量结果进行比较。垂直阵列测距结果通常在DASAR结果的±10%以内，其中STR结果的一致性略好。结果还表明，只要叫声位置超出分布式阵列边界，垂直阵列就能比这里讨论的特定分布式阵列在更大范围内更精确地测定叫声的范围。
