Tran Duong D, Huang Wei, Bohn Alexander C, Wang Delin, Gong Zheng, Makris Nicholas C, Ratilal Purnima
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2014 Jun;135(6):3352-63. doi: 10.1121/1.4874601.
Sperm whales in the New England continental shelf and slope were passively localized, in both range and bearing, and classified using a single low-frequency (<2500 Hz), densely sampled, towed horizontal coherent hydrophone array system. Whale bearings were estimated using time-domain beamforming that provided high coherent array gain in sperm whale click signal-to-noise ratio. Whale ranges from the receiver array center were estimated using the moving array triangulation technique from a sequence of whale bearing measurements. Multiple concurrently vocalizing sperm whales, in the far-field of the horizontal receiver array, were distinguished and classified based on their horizontal spatial locations and the inter-pulse intervals of their vocalized click signals. The dive profile was estimated for a sperm whale in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Maine with 160 m water-column depth located close to the array's near-field where depth estimation was feasible by employing time difference of arrival of the direct and multiply reflected click signals received on the horizontal array. By accounting for transmission loss modeled using an ocean waveguide-acoustic propagation model, the sperm whale detection range was found to exceed 60 km in low to moderate sea state conditions after coherent array processing.
在新英格兰大陆架和大陆坡的抹香鲸，其位置（包括距离和方位）通过一个单一的低频（<2500赫兹）、密集采样的拖曳式水平相干水听器阵列系统进行被动定位和分类。鲸的方位通过时域波束形成来估计，该方法在抹香鲸咔嗒声信号噪声比方面提供了高相干阵列增益。抹香鲸到接收器阵列中心的距离，通过对一系列鲸方位测量值采用移动阵列三角测量技术来估计。在水平接收器阵列远场中，同时发声的多头抹香鲸，根据它们的水平空间位置以及所发出咔嗒声信号的脉冲间隔来区分和分类。对于缅因湾浅水区一头抹香鲸的潜水剖面进行了估计，该区域水柱深度为160米，靠近阵列近场，通过利用水平阵列上接收到的直接和多次反射咔嗒声信号的到达时间差，可以进行深度估计。通过考虑使用海洋波导 - 声学传播模型模拟的传输损耗，在相干阵列处理后，发现在低到中等海况条件下，抹香鲸的探测范围超过60千米。
