Schlueter Nadine, Tveit Anne Bjørg
Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Monogr Oral Sci. 2014;25:74-98. doi: 10.1159/000359938. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
Individuals have different risks for developing erosive lesions depending on background, behavioural, dietary and medical variables. It is anticipated that people with regular impact of gastric juice, i.e. patients with eating disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have a specially high risk of developing dental erosions; the same could be true for those with special diets, regular consumption of acidic beverages, medicine and drug intake and occupational exposure to acids. Eating disorders are associated with an increased occurrence, severity and risk for dental erosion, even though not all bulimic patients show a pathological level of tooth wear. There seems also to be a tendency that in the case of GERD, erosion is more common and more severe than in healthy controls. Regarding exogenous causes, many studies, though not all, document a positive association between the consumption of acidic beverages and dental erosions and there seems to be a dose-response relationship; however, further studies are necessary for a final statement. The same applies for the association between drug or medication intake or special diet and erosion prevalence. Though only few studies exist, there seems to be a tendency for an increase of erosion prevalence amongst persons abusively consuming alcohol. Some studies show an increased risk for dental erosion for employees testing wine or working in acid processing factories. Even though some associations between acid impact and erosion prevalence appear clear, the number of studies is small. There is a lack of controlled prevalence studies, making it difficult to give final statements for all risk groups.
根据背景、行为、饮食和医学变量的不同，个体发生侵蚀性病变的风险各异。预计经常受到胃液影响的人群，即饮食失调患者和胃食管反流病（GERD）患者，发生牙齿侵蚀的风险特别高；特殊饮食、经常饮用酸性饮料、服药和吸毒以及职业性接触酸的人群可能也是如此。饮食失调与牙齿侵蚀的发生率增加、严重程度加重和风险升高有关，尽管并非所有贪食症患者都表现出病理性牙齿磨损水平。在GERD患者中，侵蚀似乎也比健康对照人群更常见、更严重。关于外部原因，许多研究（尽管并非全部）记录了饮用酸性饮料与牙齿侵蚀之间的正相关关系，而且似乎存在剂量反应关系；然而，要得出最终结论还需要进一步研究。药物或药物摄入或特殊饮食与侵蚀患病率之间的关联也是如此。尽管相关研究很少，但酗酒者中侵蚀患病率似乎有上升趋势。一些研究表明，品尝葡萄酒的员工或在酸加工厂工作的员工牙齿侵蚀风险增加。尽管酸影响与侵蚀患病率之间的一些关联似乎很明显，但研究数量较少。缺乏对照患病率研究，因此难以对所有风险群体给出最终结论。
