Henao-Tamayo Marcela, Ordway Diane J, Orme Ian M
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2014 Sep;94(5):455-61. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
The purpose of vaccination is to establish a stable population of long lived memory T cells. In the context of tuberculosis, the BCG vaccine has been widely used for well over 60 years, but during that time its weaknesses, particularly its ineffectiveness in adults, has been increasingly recognized. In this commentary we review what is known about memory T cells, both in general and in the context of their role in expressing specific acquired resistance to tuberculosis. Current knowledge indicates that both effector memory and central memory can be generated, depending on the experimental conditions, but both in animal models and in clinical studies it is clear that effector memory T cells are the predominant subset. These issues are of importance, given the concerted effort to make new TB vaccines, not all of which may work in precisely the same manner. At the present time whether a TB vaccine would work better if it targeted one specific T cell subset rather than another is as yet completely unknown, and this is now further complicated by new evidence that suggests other subsets such as IL-17 secreting CD4 T cells and cells with stem cell-like qualities may also play important roles.
疫苗接种的目的是建立一个稳定的长寿记忆T细胞群体。在结核病的背景下，卡介苗已广泛使用超过60年，但在此期间，其弱点，尤其是在成人中的无效性，已越来越受到认可。在这篇评论中，我们回顾了关于记忆T细胞的已知情况，包括一般情况以及它们在表达对结核病的特异性获得性抗性中的作用。目前的知识表明，根据实验条件，效应记忆T细胞和中枢记忆T细胞都可以产生，但在动物模型和临床研究中都清楚地表明，效应记忆T细胞是主要的亚群。鉴于为研发新型结核病疫苗而做出的共同努力，这些问题很重要，因为并非所有新型疫苗都可能以完全相同的方式起作用。目前，一种结核病疫苗如果针对一个特定的T细胞亚群而非另一个亚群是否会效果更好，仍然完全未知，而现在新的证据表明其他亚群，如分泌IL-17的CD4 T细胞和具有干细胞样特性的细胞，也可能发挥重要作用，这使得情况更加复杂。
