Zanardelli Gina, Sim Wonjin, Borges Nicole, Roman Brenda
Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
Acad Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;39(1):31-6. doi: 10.1007/s40596-014-0189-5. Epub 2014 Jul 4.
This study explored the well-being, attitudes toward counseling, willingness to seek counseling, and coping strategies of first year medical students. Gender differences in attitudes toward and willingness to seek counseling were also explored.
One hundred five first year medical students (98 % response rate) were administered a 59-item questionnaire about well-being, attitudes toward counseling, willingness to seek counseling, and coping strategies during the first week of medical school. The data were analyzed with hierarchical regression and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Female medical students were less willing to seek counseling and had more negative attitudes toward counseling compared to male medical students. Most students indicated that they chose not to seek counseling because they did not feel a need for it. Three students reported that stigma prevented them from seeking counseling. Unhealthy coping strategies (denial, self-blame, and substance use) were negatively associated with well-being while healthy coping strategies (active coping, emotional support, and instrumental support) did not correlate with well-being.
Medical schools should continue efforts to make counseling accessible. Conversations about counseling may help address the more negative attitudes of female students toward counseling, a finding which merits further investigation given that women typically have more positive attitudes toward counseling than men. Use of unhealthy coping strategies can be addressed in classes, clubs, and by advisors and mentors. Limitations of this study include that only first year medical students were surveyed and that it was a cross sectional study.
本研究探讨了一年级医学生的幸福感、对心理咨询的态度、寻求心理咨询的意愿以及应对策略。还探讨了在对心理咨询的态度和寻求心理咨询的意愿方面的性别差异。
在医学院校的第一周，对105名一年级医学生（回复率98%）进行了一项关于幸福感、对心理咨询的态度、寻求心理咨询的意愿和应对策略的59项问卷调查。数据采用分层回归和多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）进行分析。
与男性医学生相比，女性医学生寻求心理咨询的意愿较低，对心理咨询的态度更消极。大多数学生表示，他们选择不寻求心理咨询是因为他们觉得没有必要。三名学生报告说，耻辱感使他们无法寻求心理咨询。不健康的应对策略（否认、自责和物质使用）与幸福感呈负相关，而健康的应对策略（积极应对、情感支持和工具性支持）与幸福感无关。
医学院校应继续努力使心理咨询服务易于获得。关于心理咨询的讨论可能有助于解决女学生对心理咨询更消极的态度，鉴于女性通常对心理咨询的态度比男性更积极，这一发现值得进一步研究。不健康应对策略的使用可以在课堂、社团以及由顾问和导师进行处理。本研究的局限性包括仅对一年级医学生进行了调查，且这是一项横断面研究。
