Michael Smith Laboratories.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2014;68:217-35. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103456. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
Although antibiotics have significantly improved human health and life expectancy, their disruption of the existing microbiota has been linked to significant side effects such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, and increased susceptibility to subsequent disease. By using antibiotics to break colonization resistance against Clostridium, Salmonella, and Citrobacter species, researchers are now exploring mechanisms for microbiota-mediated modulation against pathogenic infection, revealing potential roles for different phyla and family members as well as microbiota-liberated sugars, hormones, and short-chain fatty acids in regulating pathogenicity. Furthermore, connections are now being made between microbiota dysbiosis and a variety of different diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, atopy, and obesity. Future advances in the rapidly developing field of microbial bioinformatics will enable researchers to further characterize the mechanisms of microbiota modulation of disease and potentially identify novel therapeutics against disease.
尽管抗生素显著改善了人类的健康和预期寿命，但它们对现有微生物群的破坏与许多副作用相关，如抗生素相关性腹泻、伪膜性结肠炎以及对后续疾病的易感性增加。通过使用抗生素来打破针对梭状芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌和柠檬酸杆菌的定植抵抗，研究人员正在探索微生物群介导的针对致病感染的调节机制，揭示了不同门和家族成员以及微生物群释放的糖、激素和短链脂肪酸在调节致病性方面的潜在作用。此外，微生物群失调与各种不同的疾病（如类风湿性关节炎、炎症性肠病、1 型糖尿病、特应性和肥胖症）之间的联系正在建立。在微生物生物信息学这个快速发展的领域，未来的进展将使研究人员能够进一步描述微生物群调节疾病的机制，并有可能针对疾病确定新的治疗方法。
