Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4; email:
Annu Rev Genet. 2014;48:361-82. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092421. Epub 2014 Sep 10.
The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms residing within the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The GI microbiota is vital to the development of the host immune system and plays a crucial role in human health and disease. The composition of the GI microbiota differs immensely among individuals yet specific shifts in composition and diversity have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, atopy, and susceptibility to infection. In this review, we describe the GI microbiota and its role in enteric diseases caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Clostridium difficile. We discuss the central role of the GI microbiota in protective immunity, resistance to enteric pathogens, and resolution of enteric colitis.
肠道微生物群是哺乳动物胃肠道内存在的一种复杂的微生物群落。肠道微生物群对宿主免疫系统的发育至关重要，在人类健康和疾病中发挥着关键作用。个体之间的肠道微生物群组成差异巨大，但特定的组成和多样性变化与炎症性肠病、肥胖症、过敏和感染易感性有关。在这篇综述中，我们描述了肠道微生物群及其在致病性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和艰难梭菌引起的肠道疾病中的作用。我们讨论了肠道微生物群在保护性免疫、抵抗肠道病原体和缓解肠道结肠炎方面的核心作用。
