Groen Simon C, Whiteman Noah K
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2014 Jul;40(7):700-16. doi: 10.1007/s10886-014-0474-5. Epub 2014 Jul 6.
Ethylene is a key hormone in plant development, mediating plant responses to abiotic environmental stress, and interactions with attackers and mutualists. Here, we provide a synthesis of the role of ethylene in the context of plant ecology and evolution, and a prospectus for future research in this area. We focus on the regulatory function of ethylene in multi-organismal interactions. In general, plant interactions with different types of organisms lead to reduced or enhanced levels of ethylene. This in turn affects not only the plant's response to the interacting organism at hand, but also to other organisms in the community. These community-level effects become observable as enhanced or diminished relationships with future commensals, and systemic resistance or susceptibility to secondary attackers. Ongoing comparative genomic and phenotypic analyses continue to shed light on these interactions. These studies have revealed that plants and interacting organisms from separate kingdoms of life have independently evolved the ability to produce, perceive, and respond to ethylene. This signature of convergent evolution of ethylene signaling at the phenotypic level highlights the central role ethylene metabolism and signaling plays in plant interactions with microbes and animals.
乙烯是植物发育中的关键激素，介导植物对非生物环境胁迫的反应，以及与攻击者和共生生物的相互作用。在此，我们综述了乙烯在植物生态学和进化背景下的作用，并对该领域未来的研究提出了展望。我们关注乙烯在多生物体相互作用中的调节功能。一般来说，植物与不同类型生物体的相互作用会导致乙烯水平降低或升高。这反过来不仅影响植物对当前相互作用生物体的反应，还影响群落中的其他生物体。这些群落水平的影响表现为与未来共生体关系的增强或减弱，以及对次生攻击者的系统抗性或易感性。正在进行的比较基因组和表型分析继续揭示这些相互作用。这些研究表明，来自不同生命王国的植物和相互作用生物体已经独立进化出产生、感知和响应乙烯的能力。乙烯信号在表型水平上趋同进化的这一特征突出了乙烯代谢和信号在植物与微生物和动物相互作用中所起的核心作用。
