López-López José A, Mendiguchía Carolina, García-Vargas Manuel, Moreno Carlos
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2014 Sep;111:47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.055. Epub 2014 Apr 19.
Alongside history, human activities have contributed to the deployment of environmental quality. In particular, during the last decades the problem of water preservation has gained increasing attention. Statistical analysis is essential to analyze environmental data and to identify trends of pollutants over space and time. Usually applied techniques for data treatment are based on the organization of data in a two-way array, missing some shades on pollutants distribution. This fact supports the use of multi-way techniques, which allow the analysis of the results through different directions at the same time. For Three Modes Principal Components Analysis (3MPCA) a principal components analysis is conducted using three modes and a "core" matrix that allows assessing their interactions. In the case of environmental studies, it offers information about the spatial-temporal evolution of pollutants in a certain water body. The Guadalquivir River estuary has been used as a model system. It is a representative human influenced system, where different pollution inputs have been characterized. In this study, decadal evolution of pollutants has been discussed, to evaluate among others the effects of EU legislation on river water quality. The aim of this work is the establishment of the evolution, during the last decade, of nutrients and metals ultra-traces distribution in an estuary affected by anthropic activities. As examples, Pb and PO4(3-) show a trend to decrease their weight on water pollution, total suspended solids (TSS) behavior is related with massive rain events, and the rising of new technologies appears as a source of emerging pollutants as Co in urban-industrial areas.
除历史因素外，人类活动也对环境质量的形成产生了影响。特别是在过去几十年里，水资源保护问题日益受到关注。统计分析对于分析环境数据以及识别污染物在空间和时间上的趋势至关重要。通常应用的数据处理技术基于将数据组织成二维数组，这忽略了污染物分布的一些细微差别。这一事实支持了使用多向技术，该技术允许同时从不同方向分析结果。对于三模态主成分分析（3MPCA），使用三种模态和一个“核心”矩阵进行主成分分析，该矩阵允许评估它们之间的相互作用。在环境研究中，它提供了有关特定水体中污染物时空演变的信息。瓜达尔基维尔河河口已被用作一个模型系统。它是一个具有代表性的受人类影响的系统，不同的污染输入已得到表征。在这项研究中，讨论了污染物的年代际演变，以评估欧盟立法对河流水质的影响等。这项工作的目的是确定在过去十年中，受人类活动影响的河口营养物质和超痕量金属分布的演变情况。例如，铅和磷酸根离子（PO4(3-)）在水污染中的占比呈下降趋势，总悬浮固体（TSS）的行为与暴雨事件有关，而新技术的兴起成为城市工业区新兴污染物如钴的一个来源。
