Canadian Centre for Environmental Modelling and Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
Canadian Centre for Environmental Modelling and Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2014 Sep;111:359-65. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.033. Epub 2014 May 14.
The QWASI fugacity mass balance model has been widely used since 1983 for both scientific and regulatory purposes to estimate the concentrations of organic chemicals in water and sediment, given an assumed rate of chemical emission, advective inflow in water or deposition from the atmosphere. It has become apparent that an updated version is required, especially to incorporate improved methods of obtaining input parameters such as partition coefficients. Accordingly, the model has been revised and it is now available in spreadsheet format. Changes to the model are described and the new version is applied to two chemicals, D5 (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane) and PCB-180, in two lakes, Lake Pepin (MN, USA) and Lake Ontario, showing the model's capability of illustrating both the chemical to chemical differences and lake to lake differences. Since there are now increased regulatory demands for rigorous sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, these aspects are discussed and two approaches are illustrated. It is concluded that the new QWASI water quality model can be of value for both evaluative and simulation purposes, thus providing a tool for obtaining an improved understanding of chemical mass balances in lakes, as a contribution to the assessment of fate and exposure and as a step towards the assessment of risk.
QWASI 逸度质量平衡模型自 1983 年以来被广泛用于科学和监管目的，用于估算给定化学物质排放率、水流中的平流或大气沉降条件下水中和沉积物中有机化学物质的浓度。显然，需要更新版本，特别是要结合改进的方法来获取分配系数等输入参数。因此，对该模型进行了修订，现在以电子表格格式提供。本文介绍了模型的变化，并将新版本应用于两个湖泊（美国明尼苏达州的 Pepin 湖和安大略湖）中的两种化学物质 D5（十甲基环五硅氧烷）和 PCB-180，展示了模型说明化学物质之间以及湖泊之间差异的能力。由于现在对严格的敏感性和不确定性分析的监管要求增加，因此讨论了这些方面，并说明了两种方法。结论认为，新的 QWASI 水质模型对于评估和模拟目的都具有价值，从而为更好地了解湖泊中的化学物质质量平衡提供了一种工具，有助于评估命运和暴露，并为评估风险迈出了一步。
