Tu Zheng, Moss-Pierce Tijuana, Ford Paul, Jiang T Alan
Technical Innovation Center, McCormick and Company, Inc. , Hunt Valley, Maryland, USA .
J Med Food. 2014 Sep;17(9):1003-10. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0175. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Herbs and spices have been used for the treatment of diabetes for centuries in folk medicine. Syzygium aromaticum L. (Clove) extracts (SE) have been shown to perform comparably to insulin by significantly reducing blood glucose levels in animal models; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effects of clove on metabolism in C2C12 myocytes and demonstrated that SE significantly increases glucose consumption. The phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as well as its substrate, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) was increased by SE treatment. SE also transcriptionally regulates genes involved in metabolism, including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). Nicotinamide, an SIRT1 inhibitor, diminished SE's effects on glucose consumption. Furthermore, treatment with SE dose-dependently increases muscle glycolysis and mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity. Overall, our study suggests that SE has the potential to increase muscle glycolysis and mitochondria function by activating both AMPK and SIRT1 pathways.
代谢综合征和2型糖尿病在全球范围内的患病率正在上升。几个世纪以来，草药和香料在民间医学中一直被用于治疗糖尿病。丁香提取物已被证明在动物模型中通过显著降低血糖水平，其效果与胰岛素相当；然而，其作用机制尚不完全清楚。我们研究了丁香对C2C12肌细胞代谢的影响，并证明丁香提取物显著增加葡萄糖消耗。丁香提取物处理可增加AMP激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）及其底物乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）的磷酸化。丁香提取物还对参与代谢的基因进行转录调控，包括沉默调节蛋白1（SIRT1）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α（PGC1α）。烟酰胺是一种SIRT1抑制剂，可减弱丁香提取物对葡萄糖消耗的影响。此外，丁香提取物处理可剂量依赖性地增加肌肉糖酵解和线粒体备用呼吸能力。总体而言，我们的研究表明，丁香提取物有可能通过激活AMPK和SIRT1途径来增加肌肉糖酵解和线粒体功能。
