Uberoi Diya, de Bruyn Maria
Health Hum Rights. 2013 Jun 14;15(1):E161-74.
States have a duty under international human rights law to protect people's health. Nonetheless, while some health-related policies and laws protect basic human rights, others violate fundamental rights when they criminalize, prohibit, and restrict access to necessary health services. For example, laws and regulations related to protection of life from conception, contraception, actions of pregnant women, and abortion can harm women and place women and health care providers in jeopardy of legal penalization. Given the adverse consequences of punitive and restrictive laws related to pregnancy, advocates, civil society groups, human rights groups, and government institutions must work together to promote, protect, and fulfill women's fundamental reproductive rights.
根据国际人权法，各国负有保护人民健康的义务。然而，虽然一些与健康相关的政策和法律保护基本人权，但另一些政策和法律在将获得必要医疗服务定为犯罪、加以禁止和限制时，却侵犯了基本权利。例如，与从受孕起保护生命、避孕、孕妇行为及堕胎相关的法律法规可能会伤害妇女，并使妇女和医疗服务提供者面临法律惩罚的风险。鉴于与怀孕相关的惩罚性和限制性法律会产生不利后果，倡导者、民间社会团体、人权组织和政府机构必须共同努力，促进、保护和实现妇女的基本生殖权利。
