Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and
Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and.
J Neurosci. 2014 Jul 9;34(28):9332-7. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1215-14.2014.
If monkeys repeatedly, over the course of weeks, view displays in which two images appear in fixed sequence, then neurons of inferotemporal cortex (ITC) come to exhibit prediction suppression. The response to the trailing image is weaker if it follows the leading image with which it was paired during training than if it follows some other leading image. Prediction suppression is a plausible neural mechanism for statistical learning of visual transitions such as has been demonstrated in behavioral studies of human infants and adults. However, in the human studies, subjects are exposed to continuous sequences in which the same image can be both predicted and predicting and statistical dependency can exist between nonadjacent items. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether prediction suppression in ITC develops under such circumstances. To resolve this issue, we exposed monkeys repeatedly to triplets of images presented in fixed order. The results indicate that prediction suppression can be induced by training not only with pairs of images but also with longer sequences.
如果猴子在数周的时间里反复观看两个图像以固定顺序显示的画面，那么下颞叶皮层（ITC）的神经元就会表现出预测抑制。如果尾随图像紧随训练期间与之配对的引导图像，那么它的反应就会比紧随其他引导图像弱。预测抑制是一种合理的神经机制，用于统计学习视觉转换，如在人类婴儿和成人的行为研究中所证明的那样。然而，在人类研究中，受试者会接触到连续的序列，其中相同的图像既可以被预测，也可以进行预测，并且非相邻项之间可能存在统计依赖性。本研究的目的是调查在这种情况下，ITC 中的预测抑制是否会发展。为了解决这个问题，我们反复向猴子展示以固定顺序呈现的三幅图像。结果表明，不仅可以通过训练图像对，还可以通过训练更长的序列来诱导预测抑制。
