Thomas Kevin J A
Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
Popul Res Policy Rev. 2012 Aug 1;31(4):587-607. doi: 10.1007/s11113-012-9244-7.
This study uses data from the 2002 Rwandan census to situate the discourse on migration and orphan well-being within the context of the household. According to its findings, migrant orphans are less likely than non-migrant orphans to live in households with less favorable structural characteristics such as single-parent households. Significant differences are also found in the implied gains to living standards and schooling associated with migration among paternal, maternal, and double-orphans. However, the higher living standards and schooling attainment of orphan migrants relative to their non-migrant counterparts disappear within child-headed household contexts. More generally, the results indicate that the higher living standards of migrant orphans are in part driven by the fact that they mostly live in households with migrant household-heads or migrant spouses. Yet the analysis also suggests that orphans living within these contexts experience higher levels of intra-household discrimination in investments in their schooling, relative to their orphan counterparts who live in non-migrant households.
本研究使用2002年卢旺达人口普查数据，将关于移民与孤儿福祉的论述置于家庭背景中。根据研究结果，与非移民孤儿相比，移民孤儿生活在单亲家庭等结构特征较差家庭中的可能性较小。在父亲孤儿、母亲孤儿和双亲孤儿中，与移民相关的生活水平和教育方面的隐含收益也存在显著差异。然而，在以儿童为户主的家庭环境中，移民孤儿相对于非移民孤儿较高的生活水平和教育程度就消失了。更普遍地说，结果表明，移民孤儿较高的生活水平部分是由于他们大多生活在户主为移民或配偶为移民的家庭中。然而，分析还表明，与生活在非移民家庭中的孤儿相比，生活在这些环境中的孤儿在教育投资方面遭受的家庭内部歧视程度更高。
