Kleinmintz Oded M, Goldstein Pavel, Mayseless Naama, Abecasis Donna, Shamay-Tsoory Simone G
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Statistics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
PLoS One. 2014 Jul 10;9(7):e101568. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101568. eCollection 2014.
The current study explored the influence of musical expertise, and specifically training in improvisation on creativity, using the framework of the twofold model, according to which creativity involves a process of idea generation and idea evaluation. Based on the hypothesis that a strict evaluation phase may have an inhibiting effect over the generation phase, we predicted that training in improvisation may have a "releasing effect" on the evaluation system, leading to greater creativity. To examine this hypothesis, we compared performance among three groups--musicians trained in improvisation, musicians not trained in improvisation, and non-musicians--on divergent thinking tasks and on their evaluation of creativity. The improvisation group scored higher on fluency and originality compared to the other two groups. Among the musicians, evaluation of creativity mediated how experience in improvisation was related to originality and fluency scores. It is concluded that deliberate practice of improvisation may have a "releasing effect" on creativity.
本研究运用双重模型框架，探讨了音乐专业技能，特别是即兴创作训练对创造力的影响。根据该模型，创造力涉及创意生成和创意评估过程。基于严格的评估阶段可能对生成阶段产生抑制作用这一假设，我们预测即兴创作训练可能对评估系统产生“释放效应”，从而带来更高的创造力。为检验这一假设，我们比较了三组人员在发散性思维任务及其创造力评估方面的表现，这三组分别是接受过即兴创作训练的音乐家、未接受过即兴创作训练的音乐家以及非音乐家。与其他两组相比，即兴创作组在流畅性和原创性方面得分更高。在音乐家群体中，创造力评估在即兴创作经验与原创性和流畅性得分之间起到了中介作用。研究得出结论，即兴创作的刻意练习可能对创造力产生“释放效应”。
