Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Chemosphere. 2015 Feb;120:86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.038. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
Pharmaceuticals, emerging environmental contaminants, have their ecotoxicological effects to non-target organisms in soil largely unknown. This study assessed short-term effects of two human pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine and fluoxetine, to Folsomia candida. Avoidance to spiked soils was assessed after 48 and 96 h exposure and biochemical changes (acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and lipid peroxidation levels) after 96 h. F. candida avoided soils spiked with 0.04, 0.4 and 4 mg carbamazepine kg(-1) after 48 h. However, higher number of organisms were found in soils with 40 mg carbamazepine kg(-1), a behavior also displayed for 40 mg fluoxetine kg(-1) spiked soils. After 96 h, F. candida showed avoidance behavior to soils with 4 and 40 mg carbamazepine kg(-1). Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in 0.4 mg fluoxetine kg(-1) exposed organisms. Peroxidative damages were detected in organisms exposed to 4 and 40 mg kg(-1) carbamazepine and glutathione S-transferase inhibition was observed at 40 mg kg(-1). Data suggests that carbamazepine and fluoxetine may pose risk to soil collembolan.
药品是新兴的环境污染物，其对土壤中非目标生物的生态毒性作用在很大程度上尚未可知。本研究评估了两种人类药品卡马西平和氟西汀对 Folsomia candida 的短期影响。在暴露 48 和 96 小时后，评估了对加标土壤的回避反应，在 96 小时后评估了生化变化（乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶活性以及脂质过氧化水平）。F. candida 在暴露 48 小时后回避了浓度为 0.04、0.4 和 4 mg 卡马西平/kg 的土壤。然而，在含有 40 mg 卡马西平/kg 的土壤中发现了更多的生物体，这种行为也出现在含有 40 mg 氟西汀/kg 的土壤中。暴露 96 小时后，F. candida 对浓度为 4 和 40 mg 卡马西平/kg 的土壤表现出回避行为。暴露于 0.4 mg 氟西汀/kg 的生物体中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低。在暴露于 4 和 40 mg 卡马西平/kg 的生物体中检测到过氧化损伤，并且在 40 mg/kg 时观察到谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶抑制。数据表明，卡马西平和氟西汀可能对土壤弹尾目动物构成风险。
