Drug Ther Bull. 2014 Jul;52(7):78-81. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2014.7.0264.
Nicotine, an alkaloid derived from the leaves of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica) is the primary addictive agent in tobacco products.(1,2) There are different ways of administering the various products including smoking cigarettes, chewing tobacco, holding moist snuff in the mouth, inhaling dry snuff through the nose, inhaling smoke from a waterpipe and inhaling vapour from an electronic cigarette.(3-6) It can be difficult differentiating the effects of nicotine from the many other toxic substances these products also contain. Here we review the pharmacological effects of nicotine but we will not review the well-known harmful effects of cigarettes, where it is primarily the toxins and carcinogens in tobacco smoke rather than the nicotine that cause illness and death.(7) A future article will consider the use of electronic cigarettes.
尼古丁是一种从烟草植物（烟草和黄花烟草）叶片中提取的生物碱，是烟草制品中的主要成瘾物质。（1,2）烟草制品有多种使用方式，包括吸烟、嚼烟、口含湿鼻烟、鼻吸干鼻烟、吸水烟以及吸电子烟的蒸汽。（3 - 6）区分尼古丁与这些产品中含有的许多其他有毒物质的影响可能很困难。在此，我们综述尼古丁的药理作用，但不会综述香烟众所周知的有害影响，香烟导致疾病和死亡主要是由于烟草烟雾中的毒素和致癌物，而非尼古丁。（7）未来的一篇文章将探讨电子烟的使用。
