Sports Med. 2014 Nov;44(11):1489-503. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0221-7.
The purpose of talent identification (TI) is the earliest possible selection of auspicious athletes with the goal of systematically maximizing their potential. The literature proposes excellent reviews on various facets of talent research on different scientific issues such as sports sciences or genetics. However, the approaches of conventional and genetic testing have only been discussed separately by and for the respective groups of interest. In this article, we combine the discoveries of these disciplines into a single review to provide a comprehensive overview and elucidate the prevailing limitations. Fundamental problems in TI reside in the difficulties of defining the construct ‘talent’ or groups of different performance levels that represent the target variable of testing. Conventional and genetic testing reveal a number of methodological and technical limitations, and parallels are summarised in terms of the test designs, the point in time of testing, psychological skills or traits and unknown interactions between different variables. In conclusion, many deficiencies in the current talent research have gained attention. Alternative solutions include the talent development approach, while genetic testing is re-emphasised as a tool for risk stratification in sport participation. Future research needs to clearly define the group of interest and comprehensively implement all methodological improvement suggestions.
人才识别（TI）的目的是尽早选择有天赋的运动员，目标是系统地最大限度地挖掘他们的潜力。文献对体育科学或遗传学等不同科学问题的人才研究的各个方面提出了很好的综述。然而，传统和基因检测的方法仅由各自感兴趣的群体分别进行了讨论。在本文中，我们将这些学科的发现结合到一个综述中，提供一个全面的概述，并阐明现有的局限性。TI 中的基本问题在于定义“人才”这个概念的困难，或者代表测试目标变量的不同表现水平的群体的困难。传统和基因检测揭示了许多方法学和技术上的局限性，并在测试设计、测试时间、心理技能或特征以及不同变量之间未知的相互作用方面进行了总结。总之，目前人才研究中的许多缺陷已经引起了关注。替代解决方案包括人才发展方法，而基因检测则被重新强调为运动参与风险分层的工具。未来的研究需要明确界定感兴趣的群体，并全面实施所有方法学改进建议。
