Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Sep 15;493:1065-72. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.104. Epub 2014 Jul 11.
A 400-year sedimentary record of the Barigui River was investigated using fecal biomarkers and nutrient distribution. The temporal variability in cholesterol, cholestanol, coprostanol, epicoprostanol, stigmastanol, stigmasterol, stigmastenol, sitosterol, and campesterol between 1600 and 2011 was assessed. Anthropogenic influences, such as deforestation and fecal contamination from humans and livestock, were observed from 1840. The sterol ratios exhibit evidence of hens, horses, cows, and an unknown herbivore, which may be a capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), from 1820 and has been observed more markedly from 1970 onward. Human fecal contamination was detected from 1840 and was observed more markedly from 1930 due to population growth. Thus, the sanitation conditions and demographic growth of Curitiba seemed to be the main factors of human sewage pollution, as the coprostanol concentration over time was strongly correlated with the population growth (r=0.71, p<0.001) although diagenetic processes have also been observed.(1.)
利用粪便生物标志物和养分分布，对巴拉圭河的 400 年沉积记录进行了研究。评估了 1600 年至 2011 年间胆固醇、胆甾醇、粪甾醇、粪胆甾醇、豆甾醇、豆甾烷醇、β-谷甾醇和菜油甾醇之间的时间变化。1840 年观察到了人为影响，如森林砍伐和人类及牲畜的粪便污染。1820 年以来，甾醇比列表明有母鸡、马、牛和一种未知的草食动物（水豚），可能是水豚（Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris），1970 年以来更为明显。1840 年检测到了人类粪便污染，1930 年以来由于人口增长更为明显。因此，库里蒂巴的卫生条件和人口增长似乎是人类污水污染的主要因素，因为粪甾醇浓度随时间的变化与人口增长呈强相关（r=0.71，p<0.001），尽管也观察到了成岩作用过程。
