Nyberg Fred
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
Neuropharmacology. 2014 Dec;87:115-24. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.004. Epub 2014 Jul 11.
Over the past years it has become evident that repeated exposure to a variety of psychoactive stimulants, like amphetamine, cocaine, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine), methylphenidate and nicotine may produce profound behavioral changes as well as structural and neurochemical alterations in the brain that may persist long after drug administration has ceased. These stimulants have been shown to produce long-lasting enhanced embranchments of dendrites and increasing spine density in brain regions linked to behavioral sensitization and compulsive patterns characteristic of drug seeking and drug addiction. In this regard, addiction to stimulant drugs represents a compulsory behavior that includes drug seeking, drug use and drug craving, but is also characterized as a cognitive disorder. In this article, recent findings regarding the impact of central stimulants on plasticity in brain regions of relevance for addictive behavior will be highlighted. A particular focus will be given to changes in neuroplasticity that occur in areas related to memory and cognition. Possible routes for the reversal of altered brain plasticity will also be discussed. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'CNS Stimulants'.
在过去几年中，有一点已变得很明显，即反复接触各种精神活性兴奋剂，如苯丙胺、可卡因、摇头丸（3,4－亚甲基二氧－N－甲基苯丙胺）、哌甲酯和尼古丁，可能会导致大脑产生深刻的行为变化以及结构和神经化学改变，而且这些变化在停药后可能会持续很长时间。这些兴奋剂已被证明会在与行为敏化以及与觅药和药物成瘾相关的强迫模式有关的脑区产生持久的树突分支增强和棘突密度增加。在这方面，对兴奋剂药物成瘾代表一种强迫行为，包括觅药、用药和对药物的渴望，但也被视为一种认知障碍。在本文中，将重点介绍有关中枢兴奋剂对与成瘾行为相关的脑区可塑性影响的最新研究结果。将特别关注与记忆和认知相关区域发生的神经可塑性变化。还将讨论逆转大脑可塑性改变的可能途径。本文是名为“中枢神经系统兴奋剂”的特刊的一部分。
